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Nursing Professionalism and Practice > History of Nursing > Flashcards

History of Nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

What time did ancient civilization nursing take place?

A

before 1 CE

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2
Q

Who was involved in nursing in the Ancient Civilization era?

A

Both men and women but it was believed that gods, goddesses and spirts could control health

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3
Q

What are some treatments from the ancient civilizations do we still use today?

A

Honey for wounds, herbs, changes in diet, along with heat and cold

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4
Q

What ancient form of healing is first documented in using acupuncture?

A

Chinese healers

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5
Q

What time was the early Christian/ common era?

A

1-1500 CE

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6
Q

Who delivered care to those ill- health during the common/ Christian era?

A

Christan coverts and this was when women started to more commonly take on the nursing role

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7
Q

During the commmon/ Chrisitan era what important health care facility orginate?

A

Hospitals which were really just people with big and fancy houses inviting those who were vulnerable over to receive care

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8
Q

During the early Christian/ common era what civilization started introducing cleanliness practices?

A

Greece

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9
Q

What type of nursing became common during the early Christian/common era and who did it?

A

Visting nursing was usually done by wealthier women who would go to peoples houses to tend to them

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10
Q

When did the middle ages take place?

A

From 500-1500 CE

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11
Q

What kind of clothing for nurses became common during the middle ages?

A

Uniforms mainly a nun’s habit/ clothes

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12
Q

What word started getting used in the Middle Ages and what does it mean?

A

Nurse derived from the latin word “nutricius” which means ones who nourishes

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13
Q

Who was in charge of hospitals in the middle ages?

A

Monks and nuns

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14
Q

Why did the number of men in nursing increase during the middle ages?

A

beacuse of monks and knights were both serving as nurses

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15
Q

Who was one of the most influential women in nursing during the middle ages? And what did she do?

A

Hildgard von Bingen was a scientist who was credited with being the founder of natural scientific history in Germany. Primarily in places were naturopathy and complementary alternative medicine is commonly used.

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16
Q

What happened during the Middle Ages to cause a decline in public opinion of hospitals and nursing?

A

It was a mix of corruption within the churches that ran the hospitals and epidemics of diseases

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17
Q

What happened to the control of the hospitals during the 1500s-early 1600s?

A

Hospitals started to get go under secular control after the corruption under the church

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18
Q

During the 1500s- early 1800s who did they bring in to replace the religious nurses?

A

Women who had no education and often had been in jail or convicted.

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19
Q

During the 1500s- early 1800s where did religious hospitals begin to open?

A

they began to open in places that were being colonized

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20
Q

during the 1500s-early 1800s what did hospitals become?

A

Full of death and disease

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21
Q

During the 1500s- early 1800s the first hospital opened in what content?

A

North America

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22
Q

When did the movement toward a respectable profession take place?

A

From the early 1800s to the early 1900s

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23
Q

What was added to the nursing field during the movement era?

A

A nursing school called Kaiserworth opened up in Germany in 1821

24
Q

What was added to the nursing profession in Ireland?

A

In the 1830s Ireland adopted more of a structured teaching model for nurses - but it was not an official school

25
Q

Who attended Kaiserworth and when?

A

Florence Nightengale attended during 1850-1851

26
Q

What was included in Florence Nightengale’s theory of the environment?

A

Her theory was about how the environment affects patients well-being and healing including light, ventilation, good nutrition and human presence.

27
Q

What did Florence change during the Crimean war?

A

She transformed two hospitals into places of healing and dropped mortality rates from 40% to 2%

28
Q

What was something that Florence Nightengale’s approach that was new and is still commonly used in the nursing field?

A

Keeping lots of records and statistics about her patients

29
Q

Who is Mary Seacole?

A

She was a black Jamaican nurse who also worked in Crimea and made many attributions to nursing but is less recognized for it

30
Q

Why was Mary Seacole not allowed to go to nursing school and who did she learn from instead?

A

She was not allowed to go to nursing school because she was black. So, she instead learned about nursing from her and learned many traditional healing approaches.

31
Q

What did Mary Seacole do before she worked in Crimea?

A

She worked as a nurse and was very well known by the time she left for Crimea.

32
Q

What did Mary Seacole do when she was working in Crimea?

A

She opened her own hospital called the boarding house

33
Q

Which methods did Mary Seacole use to treat her patients?

A

She used a holistic approach, and she greatly reduced patient mortality rates.

34
Q

Who founded the Red Cross and how did she contribute to nursing?

A

Clara Barton founded the red cross and helped gain the profession respect during the US Civil war.

35
Q

Who also played a role in improving the outlook on nursing during the US Civil war?

A

Dorthea Dix

36
Q

When did nursing specialties like public health and psychiatry begin?

A

They were started by individuals in the late 1800s

37
Q

Where did most of the early nursing schools take place and who did most of the work?

A

It took place in hospitals and nursing students did most of the work.

38
Q

Who was the first black graduate of a formal nursing school? And when did she graduate?

A

Mary E. Mahoney and she graduated in 1879

39
Q

What roles did nursing student gradutates take on in the respectable era and why?

A

They took on the roles of being supervisors in hospitals or became private home nurses

40
Q

What did Mary E. Mahoney do once she graduated?

A

She worked as a private home nurse, and she did really well

41
Q

When did university-based education for nursing students begin? And who would teach it?

A

in the late 1890s and physicians were commonly the teachers

42
Q

What social reform movements did nurses support in the early 1900s and why?

A

They were against the tenement conditions of the tenements in NY, better education, health insurance, and safe work environments.

43
Q

When was the first state that had a registration exam and when?

A

North Carolina in 1903

44
Q

What did nurses expand to during ww1?

A

They would jump in and help with surgeries and would perform anesthesia procedures

45
Q

What expanded for nurses in ww2?

A

they started a nurse cadet program

46
Q

During the world war era what happened to practice standards?

A

They expanded and started becoming more common

47
Q

What started to grow during the world war era?

A

National nursing organizations

48
Q

When did hospital-based nursing programs lose popularity to universities?

A

In the early 1970s

49
Q

What advances started to take place during the 1960s-2000s?

A

Biomedical advances started to change bedside nursing

50
Q

What helped expand patient access to medical care during the 1960s-2000s?

A

Access to Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance

51
Q

When did Nurse Practitioner programs begin?

A

In the mid 1960s

52
Q

During the 1960s-2000s who began to join the nursing field?

A

Men and BIPOC people

53
Q

What happened in the 1990s that led to more CNA or non-RN positions working beside?

A

Cost containment measures

54
Q

What change happened to charting in the 2000s?

A

The became electronic

55
Q

What expanded for nurses in the 2000s?

A

The addition of more specialties and Doctor of Nurse Practitioner degrees.

56
Q

What act in 2010 allowed more patients to receive care?

A

The affordable care act

57
Q

What changed in the approach to treatments in the 2000s?

A

The use of complementary and alternative treatments ex. heat, cold and leeches

Nursing Professionalism and Practice (5 decks)

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