History of Nursing Flashcards
First Semester, Preliminary Examination
Different Eras of Nursing
Curriculum Era (1900 - 1940s)
Research Era (1950 - 1970s)
Graduate Education Era (1950 - 1970s)
Theory Era (1980 - 1990s)
Theory Utilization Theory (21st Century)
Standardized curricula for diploma programs
Curriculum Era (1900 - 1940s)
Problem studies and studies of nursing
Research Era (1950 - 1970s)
Nurses have an important role in health care
Graduate Education Era (1950 - 1970s)
Nursing theoretical works shift to focus to the patient
Theory Era (1980 - 1990s)
Middle-range theory may be from quantitative or qualitative approaches
Theory Utilization Theory (21st Century)
Four meta-paradigms of Nursing according to Fawcett
Nursing
Person
Health
Environment
Specific to academia and covers a broad concept (eg. Medicine)
Discipline
Specialized field of practice (eg. Nursing, MedTech, RadTech, etc.)
Profession
Study of knowledge
Epistemology
Logical reasoning
Rationalism
Using the five senses
Empiricism
Implies that something has been proven and is generally accepted being true
Theory
Category of Theory Concepts
Abstract
Concrete
Discrete
Continuous
Theoretical Definition
Operational Definition
Independent of the a certain time and place
Abstract
More specific time & place
Concrete
Belong or not belong to a particular category
Discrete
Degrees of levels in a given continuum
Continuous
Establish meaning for dictionary
Theoretical definition
How concepts are used or will be used in the context of the phenomenon
Operational definition
Simple, true, universal, and absolute
Scientific laws
Accepted true & proved
Theory
Has not been proven
Hypothesis
