History Of Nursing

Question 1

Why do we care about the history of nursing?

Answer 1

-Builds context
-To understand the transformation of the profession in relation to gender, practice, and healthcare reform
-Explains the future
-Provides a way to look forward
-Explains issues, trends, and patterns
-Reveals how nursing has impacted patient care, health promotion and health policy
-Nursing as a profession continues to evolve
-Nelson (2009)
-Canadian Association for Schools of Nursing (CASN)

Question 2

Early History Isabel Maitland Stewart

Answer 2

-1902 graduate of Winnipeg general hospital training school for nurses
-Believed that nurse educators should be prepared for the future of nursing
-Believed in recognizing the past to lead the future of nursing

Question 3

Early history Indigenous people

Answer 3

-Here long before settlers
-Indigenous women provided health services to their own people and early settlers

Question 4

Keeping Indigenous Led Health Care

Answer 4

-Benefits to regaining traditional cultural ways of life
-Indigenous led health partnerships in Canada (2020)
-Recognized by Truth and Reconciliation; Indigenous led partnerships

Question 5

Jean Cuthand Goodwill

Answer 5

-Recruitment of indigenous people
-Nurse and founder
-Registered nurses of Canadian Indian Ancestry = gain position and self advocacy and indigenous representation

Question 6

First nurses

Answer 6

-Early settlements healthcare was facilitated by the indigenous people and nurses
-Men were original care givers
-Following them were Jesuit priests who were attempting to bring Christianity to New France (Canada)

Question 7

Marie Rollet Hebert

Answer 7

The first lay woman to provide care

Question 8

1639 beginning of..

Answer 8

Nursing care in Canada

Question 9

Jean Mance

Answer 9

-Was often called the “Angel of the Colony”
-Founded Hotel Dieu Hostel of God
-Provided nursing care to the settlers and indigenous peoples
-Hailed as the founder of Montreal
-Canadian Nurses Association awards it’s highest honour in her name

Question 10

Marguerite D’youville

Answer 10

-Formed the first visiting nurses in Canada in 1737
-Called the Canadian nuns, Sisters of Charity
-Nicknamed the grey nuns/“les soeurs grises”
-Homecare

Question 11

Florence Nightingale

Answer 11

-French religious orders
-Lady with the lamp
-In 1851 at age of 31, trained to be nurse
-In 1854 Crimea war with 38 nurses
-In 1856 returned a national heroine

Question 12

Nightingale’s Legacy to Nursing

Answer 12

-Political awareness of the state of military hospitals and care provided to soldiers
-Researched: architecture of hospitals, death rates
-Established one of the first nursing schools
-Believed nurses should educate nurses
-Pioneer of basic nursing practices such as hygiene and fresh air

Question 13

Margaret Sanger

Answer 13

-Watched her mother die an early death
-Became a nurse and activist
-Saw many women die from childbirth and self induced abortion

Question 14

1874..

Answer 14

First school of Nursing established in St. Catharines ON

Question 15

Winnipeg General Hospital

Answer 15

-1872
-HSC
-First western Canadian hospital
-School of nursing established in 1887

Question 16

St Boniface School of Nursing

Answer 16

-Founded by the grey nuns in 1897
-Residence built in 1928 and functioned as school of nursing until 1997 when it amalgamated with u of m

Question 17

Early Nursing Education

Answer 17

-First diploma school in Canada = St Catharines Training School
-Taught to report “faithfully” to the physician
-Nursing education in hospital schools across Canada
-Schools were quite strict similar to military

Question 18

Mary Agnes Snively

Answer 18

-Superintendent of the school for nurses in Toronto

Question 19

Weir Report

Answer 19

-1932
-Exploitation?
-Weir report
-In response to the weir report CNA published a proposed nursing curriculum for nursing schools in 1936
-Education reform was slow
-CNA sponsored the next survey regarding nurse education headed by Helen Mussallem

Question 20

Victorian Order of Nursing (VON) + Lady Aberdeen

Answer 20

-1898
-Lady Aberdeen saw the need for home nursing particularly in rural areas

Question 21

Role of Victorian Order of Nursing

Answer 21

-Comprehensive, preventative approach
-Provided education on hygiene, sanitation, infant care and first aid

Question 22

World Nursing Dangers

Answer 22

-Nursing does not always take place in safe circumstances
-Nurses around the world have been in the front lines of wars and disease outbreaks

Question 23

Military Nursing

Answer 23

-Bluebirds WW1
-Casualty clearing stations
-Ambulance trains
-Field hospitals
-Hospitals in Canada
-After war, returned home with a refined skill set and a renewed sense of legitimacy
-Soldiers referred to them as “sisters of mercy” or “angels of mercy”
-Memorial erected on Ottawa in 1926

Question 24

Nursing Gender and Diversity

Answer 24

-Nursing was historically seen as a suitable profession for young, unmarried, white, Christian women
-In 1950’s Ontario actively recruited male nurses
-60’s and 70’s began the slow inclusion of social diversity and gender balance

Question 25

Why did nurses wear a white cap?

Answer 25

Signified accomplishment, professionalism, respect

Question 26

The demise of the white cap why?

Answer 26

-Nurses wanted to be part of the team
-In the era of feminism, the caps began to represent oppression and not power
-The colour white was associated with the Victorian era feminine virginity and purity