History Of NPS

Question 1

Park Origination

Answer 1

Old French and Middle English term parc which means “enclosed piece of ground stocked with beasts of the chase held by prescription or by the king’s grant

Question 2

Hudson River School Artist

Answer 2

Thomas Cole and others focused on East ;realistic portrayals of landscapes “ looked directly to nature for guidance and inspiration”

Question 3

Rocky Mountain School of Landscape Art

Answer 3

Albert Beirdstadt and Thomas Moran ; focused on the grandeur of the west; scenic impact instead of realism

Question 4

A Cultural Wasteland

Answer 4

Scenic nationalism
Jefferson’s emphasis that scenic should be dramatic
Most never experienced the west

Question 5

1st State Park in US

Answer 5

Yosemite Valley
Ownership later towards federal gov of California
1st example of monumentalism

Question 6

Worthless Lands (National Parks)

Answer 6

Parks should exclude commercial resources at the outset or if significant resources are found the park boundaries should be redrawn

Question 7

1st National Park 1872

Answer 7

Yellowstone

Question 8

Expedition by Cook, Folsom, and Peterson

Answer 8

1869

Question 9

1870

Answer 9

Expedition by Washburn, Langford, and Doane

Question 10

Hayden survey with scientist commissioned by congress

Answer 10

Both led to greater public interest in the west and Yellowstone

Question 11

1890s

Answer 11

Census report of 1890 “close of frontiers”
Increasing populations pressure an open space
Led to resurgence of national park idea since Yellowstone
Beginning of NPS

Question 12

Worthless Lands

Answer 12

Only lands set aside by Congress without economic value

Question 13

Hayden Survey

Answer 13

Indicated areas not suitable for cultivation, livestock, or mining

Question 14

Gifford Pinchot

Answer 14

1st chief of the forest service in established in 1905 and believed in utilizing and using resources for common good

Question 15

Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir

Answer 15

Key to Preservation movement to protect lands against human uses or abuses

Question 16

National Park Service Created

Answer 16

1916

Question 17

Steve Mather 1st National Park Service Director

Answer 17

Wrote to Secretary of Interior Franklin Lane about deteriorating conditions of National Parks

Question 18

Organic Act of 1916 NPS / Dual Mandate

Answer 18

Promote and regulate the use of Federal Areas known as national park, monuments, and reservation and conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife Theron

Question 19

Mid 1890s

Answer 19

Public lands crucial as Wildlife Habitat

Question 20

John F lacy

Answer 20

Pending extinction of bison should be considered monumental and catastrophic
Led to Act to Protect the Birds and Animals in Yellowstone

Question 21

Antiquities Act

Answer 21

Presidents ability to establish national monuments and bypass congress to protect objects of historic or scientific interest

Question 22

1906 First National Monument

Answer 22

Devils Tower in Wyoming

Question 23

National Monuments

Answer 23

Devils Tower, Petrified Forest, Montezuma Castle

Question 24

Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 24

During Great Depression 1929-1939
Directed by NPS to develop new roads campsites, tails, and other park facilities to meet rec long term needs

Question 25

Mission 66

Answer 25

1956 NPS began a 10 year program to expand and upgrade visitor facilities in national park units

Question 26

Railroads to access western parks

Answer 26

Steve Mather allied with railroads from the eastern

Question 27

1978

Answer 27

Largest Expansion of NPS (Jimmy Carter)

Question 28

Everglades National Park 1934

Answer 28

1st park established because of ecological conservation

Question 29

Park Museums and interpretive programs appeared

Answer 29

1920s

Question 30

Study of Nature

Answer 30

Parks viewed as field labs

Question 31

1st national park east of the Mississippi

Answer 31

Acadia National Park

Question 32

Great Smokey Park

Answer 32

1934

Question 33

Shenandoah National Park (1935)

Question 34

System for state parks

Answer 34

1920s

Question 35

1st National seashore 1937

Answer 35

Cape Hatteras

Question 36

National Park System 85 mil acres 419 sites 19 different designations

Answer 36

Historical Parks, national monument, national parks, battlefield, preserves, recreation areas, seashores, parkways, lakeshores, reserves

Question 37

National Park

Answer 37

Large land or water areas that contain a variety of resources and help provide adequate protection of resources

Question 38

National Monument

Answer 38

Created by antiquities act 1906 Usually smaller than national park and lacks diversity of attractions Intended to preserve one nationally significant resource

Question 39

National preserves

Answer 39

Established for protection of resources Activities like hunting fishing or extraction of minerals and fuels may be permitted if they do not jeopardize the natural values

Question 40

National lakeshores and seashores

Answer 40

Focuses on preservation of natural values at the same time providing water-oriented recreation

Question 41

National Rivers &Wild Scenic Rivers

Answer 41

Preserve free flowing streams and their intermediate environment with at least one outstanding remarkable natural, cultural, or recreational value. Must flow natural without any major altercation like dams Protect and enhance rivers while also providing rec opportunities

Question 42

National Parkways

Answer 42

Roadway and parkland paralleling the roadway intended for scenic driving along a protected corridor and connect cultural sites

Question 43

National Recreation Areas

Answer 43

Provide outdoor recreation for large # of people Often large reservoirs or near urban areas

Question 44

National Historic Sites

Answer 44

Contains a single historic feature Historic parks that extend beyond single properties/sites

Question 45

National Memorial

Answer 45

Commemorates a historic person or episode

Question 46

At least 247 species

Answer 46

NPS 75000 archeological sites 27000 historic structures 167 million museum items 18000 miles of trails

Question 47

Budget

Answer 47

2018 Fiscal year 3.2 billion Contributes 35.8 billion to the US economy 116 NPS sites charge entrance fees Money enhances services

Question 48

The NPS maintains

Answer 48

879 visitor centers

Question 49

Employees

Answer 49

Mores than 22000 339000 volunteer

Question 50

Concession

Answer 50

500 or more And employee 25000 1.3 billion annually and pay government 80 million