History Of MRI Flashcards
a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses the interaction between radio frequency pulses, a strong magnetic field and body tissue to obtain images of slices/planes from inside the body.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
discovered the Rotating Magnetic Field in Budapest, Hungary.!This was a fundamental discovery in physics.
Nikola tesla,1882
The __ for measuring magnetic flux density or magnetic induction (commonly known as the magnetic field B) was named in Tesla’s honour at the Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, Paris in 1960.
SI unit tesla (T)
1 tesla =
10,000 (or 104) gauss (G)
__ = US Congress and WHO Recommended limit
for constant human exposure = __
200 nanotesla, 2mG
an operation that transforms one function of a real variable into another. is a mathematical procedure to separate out the frequency components of a signal from its amplitudes as a function of time
Fourier transform
calculates the time domain from the frequency domain.
Inverse fourier transform (IFT)
First to recognize the existence of the __ , an uncharged and massless particle that carries off energy in radioactivity.
Wolf gang ernst pauli, neutrino
states that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
Pauli exlcusion principle
In particle physics, __ are particles which obey Fermi-Dirac statistics; they are named after __.
fermions, Enrico Fermi
1900 -1988 a Dutch-American theoretical physicist. In 1925, introduced the concept of a spinning electron, with resultant angular momentum and a magnetic dipole moment arising from the spinning electrical charge.
George eugene uhlenbeck
1937 Columbia University Professor __ working in the Pupin Physic Laboratory in New York City, observed the quantum phenomenon dubbed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). He recognized that the atomic nuclei show their presence by absorbing or emitting radio waves when exposed to a sufficiently strong magnetic field. Published “A New Method of Measuring Nuclear Magnetic Moment” in 1938, where the first MR signal from LiCl was reported. Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1944.
Isidor I.Rabi
Dutch Physicist In September 1937, he and his co-worker Broer, reported unsuccessful attempts to observe nuclear magnetic resonance in pure crystalline materials. First to demonstrate the phenomenon of paramagnetic relaxation.
Cornelius Jacobus Gorter
1907 – 1976 a Soviet physicist. discovered electron paramagnetic resonance in 1944.
Yevgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky
1946 discover magnetic resonance phenomenon. Nobel Prize for Physics was shared by __ and __. __ (Stanford University) and
__ (Harvard University) developed instruments, which could measure the magnetic resonance in bulk material such as liquids and solids.
Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell
The year often regarded to as the birth of MR
1952
creates a one-dimensional MR image.
Herman Carr
Same book puts the year commonly regarded as the year in which MR was discovered as __.
1946
1956 The “Tesla Unit” was proclaimed in the Rathaus of Munich, Germany by the __ . All MRI machines are calibrated in “Tesla Units”. The strength of a magnetic field is measured in Tesla or Gauss Units. The stronger the magnetic field, the stronger the amount of radio signals which can be. elicited from the body’s atoms and therefore the higher the quality of MRI
International Electro-technical Commission-Committee of Action
First to demonstrate clinical MR images of a human finger using his technique. Showed how signals can be mathematically analyzed which later gave way to EPI technique in 1977. EPI (echo-planar imaging) was the first ultra high-speed imaging technique.
Peter mansfield
were awarded with the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.
Paul lauterbur and petermansfield
Give at least 3 of Peter mansfield contribution
NMR diffraction in solids, Slice selection, Active magnetic shielding of gradient coils, Echo volume imaging, Active acoustic shielding methods that lower noise levels produced by gradient coils