History Of Microbiology

Question 1

1590

Answer 1

Janssen

Principle of the microscope

Question 2

1665

Answer 2

Hooke

Cell biology

Question 3

1680

Answer 3

Leeuwenhoek

Description of “animalcules”

Question 4

1680

Answer 4

Redi

Attacked the concept of abiogenesis (macro)

Question 5

1750

Answer 5

Needham

Set back the concept of “omne vivum ex vivo”

Question 6

1776

Answer 6

Spallanzani

Hermetically sealed flasks excluded oxygen (“vital force”)

Question 7

1836

Answer 7

Schulze

Use of acids and bases

Question 8

1837

Answer 8

Schwann

Use of heat

Question 9

1850-1875

Answer 9

Pasteur

Disproved abiogenesis (micro), proved microorganisms as causative agents in putrefaction and fermentation

Question 10

1850-1875

Answer 10

Koch
“Father”

Established isolation techniques, proved the nature of a specific organism for a specific disease (initially called henle’s postulates by Koch), proved germ theory

Question 11

1875-1915

Answer 11

All the advancements that snowball after "fathers" discovery
Golden age continues:
Winogradsky      Soil
Soxhlet               Dairy
Burrill                  Plant
Iwanoski             Virology

Question 12

1928 (1945)

Answer 12

Fleming (chain & Florey)

Penicillin

Question 13

1928

Answer 13

Griffith

Transformation

Question 14

1932

Answer 14

Domagk

Sulfa drugs

Question 15

1936

Answer 15

Stanley

Crystallized a virus

Question 16

1938

Answer 16

Molecular biology

Question 17

1942

Answer 17

Beadle & Tatum

“One gene, one enzyme”

Question 18

1943

Answer 18

Electron microscope

Question 19

1944

Answer 19

Avery

Molecular genetics, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) = heredity

Question 20

1946

Answer 20

Lederberg

Bacterial genetics

Question 21

1950

Answer 21

Enders

Growth of viruses

Question 22

1955

Answer 22

Salk

Polio vaccine

Question 23

1955

Answer 23

Watson and Crick

Double helix (DNA structure)

Question 24

1960

Answer 24

Porter

Immuno-chemistry, elucidation of antibody molecules

Question 25

1968

Answer 25

Nirenberg

Synthesized a polypeptide

Question 26

1970

Answer 26

Khorana

Synthesized a gene

Question 27

1970

Answer 27

Nathan and Smith

Functional aspects of a recombinant gene, isolation of restriction endonucleases

(ECOR1) cuts DNA

Question 28

1972

Answer 28

Berg

Recombinant DNA

Question 29

1976

Answer 29

Sanger

Rapid sequencing of bases in synthetic DNA production

Question 30

1977

Answer 30

Gilbert

Synthesis of useful non-bacterial proteins (insulin & interferon) by bacteria

Question 31

1980

Answer 31

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 32

1983

Answer 32

Eli Lily Co

Marketing of human insulin based on recombinant DNA, biotechnology

Question 33

1987

Answer 33

Tonegawa

Genetic principle antibody diversity

Question 34

1989-90

Answer 34

Genetic basis of cancer, initial gene therapy experiments

Question 35

1997-99

Answer 35

“Hello Dolly” (mammalian cloning)

Question 36

21st century

Answer 36

Human Genome Project results, genomics, proteomics, epigenetics