Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History of Microbiology > History of Microbiology > Flashcards

History of Microbiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the term for enzymatic degeneration of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule (contains carbon)?

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of Fermentation

A

ATP is synthesized by phosporylation (adding phosphate) and oxygen it is not required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the process that yeasts use to convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air?

A

Fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens?

A

Pasteurization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Aerobic mean?

A

Requires Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Anaerobic mean?

A

Requires an environment without oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does facultative mean?

A

Can survive in environments with or without oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What philosopher scientist first coined the phrase “spontaneous generation?”

A

Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who believed that bees grew from honey and flies grew from meat?

A

Virgil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who first used a magnifying lens called “flea glasses?”

A

The Romans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who invented the first compound microscope?

A

Janssen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who improved both the microscope and the telescope?

A

Galileo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who improved the simple microscope to a magnification of 270x and Who first described microbes?

A

Van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Bacterial Arrangements
What are the types of:
Pairs
Clusters
Chains
A

Pairs – diplococcic & diplobacilli
Clusters – staphylococci
Chains – streptococci & streptobacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Robert Hooke looked at a cork under a microscope and coined what term?

A

“Cells”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the name for the hypothesis that organisms arose from nonliving life?

A

Spontaneous Generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who thought that mice grew from hay and coined the term “Spontaneous Generation”?

A

Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

According to spontaneous generation, what forms life?

A

Vital Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name for the hypothesis that organisms arise from preexisting life?

A

Biogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who was a believer in biogenesis and set out to prove that maggots in meat were caused by flies laying eggs in the meat?

A

Redi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How did Francisco Redi prove biogenesis?

A

He filled covered jars with meat, proving that maggots do not spontaneously grow from the meat.

22
Q

How did John Needham prove spontaneous generation?

A

Put boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks and got microbial growth, so he thought that proved that organisms can spontaneously be created.

23
Q

What was flawed with Needham’s experiment?

A

His flask was covered with a non-sterile cork

24
Q

Who believed that microorganisms are present in the air, and set out to prove it?

A

Louis Pasteur

25
Q

Who designed a special S-Shaped flask that demonstrated that Spontaneous Generation Theory was false?

A

Louis Pasteur

26
Q

Who discovered the first smallpox vaccine?

A

Louis Pasteur

27
Q

Who discovered the sheep vaccine for Anthrax?

A

Louis Pasteur

28
Q

What three vaccines did Louis Pasteur invent?

A

Sheep anthrax
Chicken cholera
Rabies

29
Q

Who is responsible for the Cell Theory?

A

Rudolf Virchow

30
Q

What does the cell theory state? x3

A

All living things are composed of cells
Cells are the smallest working units of living things
All cells come from preexisting cells by cell division (biogenesis theory)

31
Q

Who discovered that the silkworm disease is caused by a fungus?

A

Agostino Bassi

32
Q

Describe the 4 step process for Koch’s Postulates.

A
  • Obtain the disease causing microbe from the sick animal via a sample.
  • Isolate this microbe in pure culture.
  • Inoculate a healthy animal with this pure culture, and the healthy animal should develop the same disease.
  • Re-isolate the microbe from the second animal.
33
Q

If it is the same microbe obtained from the first animal what does this prove?

A

The etiology (cause) of the disease.

34
Q

What did Joseph Lister invent?

A

Carbolic spray to disinfect surfaces in the operating room. His descendants later invented Listerine.

35
Q

What breakthrough did Semmelwise discover?

A

He discovered that puerperal fever could be drastically cut by use of hand washing standards in obstetrical clinics.

36
Q

What did Paul Ehrlich make?

A

He made the first antibiotic. It was for syphilis.

37
Q

What did Von Behring invent?

A

Invented diphtheria antitoxin

38
Q

What did Ronald Ross discover?

A

He discovered that mosquitoes transmit malaria

39
Q

Who discovered white blood cells and phagocytosis and began the field of immunology?

A

Metchnikoff

40
Q

Who discovered the first antibiotic and when?

A

Alexander Fleming in 1928

41
Q

The Penicillium fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed what?

A

S. aureus

42
Q

When was Penicillin clinically tested and mass produced?

A

In the 1940s

43
Q

Who purified penicillin as a medicine?

A

Chain and Florey

44
Q

Who invented testing for streptococcus?

A

Rebecca Lancefield

45
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

Frederick Griffith

46
Q

Who detailed the structure of human DNA?

A

Watson and Crick

47
Q

What 3 items form DNA?

A

Deoxyribose; A,T,C,G nucleic acids; phosphate

48
Q

Who discovered the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A

Jacob and Monod

49
Q

Who discovered the genetic structure of viruses?

A

Delbruck and Hershey

50
Q

Who performed a landmark series of experiments regarding antibody genetics?

A

Tonegawa

51
Q

Who discovered prions?

A

Prusiner

History of Microbiology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions