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MB 351 - Exam 1 > History of Microbiology > Flashcards

History of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

The 6 Types of Microorganisms

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Viruses
  4. Fungi
  5. Protozoa
  6. Microscopic Algae
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2
Q

The 3 Domains of Life

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
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3
Q

Ancient Microbiology

A
  • Yogurt
  • Egyptians made beer, wine, and bread
  • Mosaic Law: Eschewing pork and seafood (risk of infection)
  • Black Death
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4
Q

Hooke (1665)

A

Observed cells with a microscope

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5
Q

Van Leeuwenhoek (1684)

A

Observed “animacules” (microorganisms)

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6
Q

Jenner (1796)

A

Used cowpox to create smallpox vaccine

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7
Q

Dominant Concepts of 17th and 18th Century Microbiology

A
  • Diseases are caused by miasma
  • Diseases are transmitted by touch (contagions)
  • Spontaneous generation
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8
Q

Biogenesis

A

The theory that life spawned from existing life

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9
Q

Redi (1668)

A

Maggot experiment - Biogenesis

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10
Q

Needham (1745)

A

Open broth experiment - Spontaneous generation

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11
Q

Spallanzani (1765)

A

Open broth experiment with air removed - Biogenesis

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12
Q

Pasteur (1861)

A

Open broth experiment with S flask - Biogenesis

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13
Q

Pasteur

A
  • Disproved spontaneous generation

- Developed vaccination technique for bacterial (cholera, anthrax) and viral (rabies) infections

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14
Q

Koch’s Microorganisms

A
  • Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)
  • Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
  • Yersinia pestis (plague)
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15
Q

Germ Theory of Disease

A

Idea that microorganisms can cause disease (Koch)

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16
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. Microorganism must be present in all cases of disease
  2. Suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture
  3. Cells from pure culture must give healthy animal the disease
  4. Suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the original
17
Q

Fannie Eilshemius

A

Wife of Koch’s assistant; proposed the use of agar instead of potatos for plating colonies

18
Q

Richard Petri

A

Koch’s assistant; developed the Petri dish to allow gas exchange but prevent microbial contamination

MB 351 - Exam 1 (4 decks)

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