History of Microbiology Flashcards
Chapter 1
Who first discovered the world of bacteria?
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
When did Leeuwenhoek discover the existence of protozoa?
1674
When did Leeuwenhoek discover the existence of bacteria?
1676
Who developed a taxonomic system for naming plants & animals?
Carolus Linnaeus
What are the 6 basic categories of microorganisms?
- bacteria
- archaea
- fungi
- protozoa
- algae
- small multicellular animals
What microbe type was Leeuwenhoek not able to discover? Why?
Viruses, because they are too small to be seen without an electron microscope
Why are viruses technically not organisms?
Because they do not replicate themselves nor do they carry on the chemical reactions of living things
How are bacteria and archeae similar?
how are they classified and what similar structure do they lack
They are both prokaryotic, meaning they lack nuclei
How do bacteria and archeae reproduce?
Asexually
True or false: archeae can disease in humans
False, no archeae are known to do so
The worl would be “buried under the corpsses of uncountable dead organisms” if what did not exist?
Microbial recyclers
i.e. bacteria
Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
their cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a distinct membrane
How do fungal cells differ from plant cells?
fingu obtain their food from other organisms rather than making it like plants do
What are molds?
multicellular organisms that grow as long filaments that intertwine
How do molds reproduce?
Through sexual and asexual spores
How do yeasts reproduce?
asexually via budding
Although some can produce sexual spores
What is budding?
The process of asexual reproduction in which a daughter cell grows off a mother cell
What are spores?
Cells that produce a new individual without fusing with another cell
Explain Protozoa
single-celled eukaryotes that are similar to animals
What 3 ways do scientists categorize protozoa according to? What are they called?
Categorize according to their locomotive structure.
1. pseudopods
2. cilia
3. flagella
How do cilia and flagella differ?
cilia are short and many of them cover a cell whereas flagella are longer and there are fewer of them
What is the name for a unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic eukaryote?
Algae
Describe the structure of viruses
All viruses are acellular obligatory parasites composed of small amount of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coating
What 4 questions drove research in the golden age of microbiology?
- Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible?
- What causes fermentation?
- What causes disease?
- How can we prevent infection & disease?
