History of Microbiology

Question 1

Hooke

Answer 1

Made earliest observation of cells in cork. Discovered cells.

Question 2

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

Discovered microorganisms in pond water. “Animalcules”

Question 3

Redi

Answer 3

Disproved spontaneous generation. 2 flasks with meat. Covered one with cloth. Covered one had no maggots.

Question 4

Pasteur

Answer 4

Goose-neck flask. Fully disproved spontaneous generation. Free access to air.

Question 5

Ignasz Semmelweis

Answer 5

Made doctors wash hands. Decreased incidence of childbirth fever in hospitals.

Question 6

Joseph Lister

Answer 6

Washed surgery suite with carbolic acid, soaked instruments in carbolic acid, washed patients with carbolic acid, and used atomizer to spray into air during sx. Survival rate or sx increased from 50%.

Question 7

Pasteur and Koch

Answer 7

Associated anthrax with Bacillus anthracis

Question 8

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 8

Mechanism to associate a disease with a causative agent.

1. Obtain a microorganism from a sick patient
2. Purify and grow the organism
3. Inject the cultured organism into a healthy patient
4. If patient develops the same disease, this microbe is the cause of that disease.

Question 9

Fastidious microorganisms

Answer 9

Difficult to culture

Question 10

Jenner

Answer 10

Developed small pox vaccine. Scratched people’s skin with cow pox (vaccinia virus) and they did not develop small pox. Cow pox is a much milder disease and is not deadly.

Question 11

Ehrlich

Answer 11

Developed first anitbiotic: Salvarsan. Arsenic compound that cured syphilis.

Question 12

Fleming

Answer 12

Discovered penicillin. Discovered that mold growing on plates was killing bacteria. Extracted penicillin from the bread molds. Broad-spectrum antibiotic.