History of Mental Illness and Intervention Flashcards
The earliest known surgery is known as?
Trepanning
What is trepanning and what was it used for?
Drilling a hole in the skull; Used to drive alien spirits from the body
Trepanning was thought to be an early remedy for what conditions?
Insanity, epilepsy and headaches
In Ancient Greece and Rome, what were the two theories of mental illness?
Caused by possession
All illness has natural origins
Which ancient philosopher was the first to describe Humoral theory?
Hippocrates
What is Humoral theory?
Personality is based on 4 augurs or humors that are balanced if healthy
What personalities do the 4 humors represent?
Phlegm = apathy/unemotional/stoic
Black bile = melancholy/depression
Yellow bile = aggression/anger
Blood = Sanguine/happiness
Which ancient philosopher theorized that childhood experiences shaped adult behaviors?
Plato
Which ancient philosopher contemplated the role of genetic inheritance?
Aristotle
Who conducted interviews of people based on tribe/gender/nationality/etc?
Cicero
This philosopher incorporated anatomical knowledge and emphasized knowing via observation and experimentation.
Who is Galen? Correct.
“No fear of demons,” presentation of definitions for illness, and an emphasis on compassionate treatment are all attributed to whom?
Al-Razi
If one were considered mentally ill in the Middle Ages, how would one be treated?
Exorcism
What does the term “Malleus Maleficarum” mean?
Argument for the existence of witches/”Proof” that witches were mostly women/Insanity was caused by the devil
What was the general belief regarding the mentally ill around the 17th century?
If mad people behaved like animals, they should be treated as such
Which doctor advocated curative discipline, fetters, blows and other medical treatments for mental illness in the 17th century?
Thomas Willis
Which doctor was the first to stress the importance of discussing problems with a close friend or doctor?
Robert Burton
Around what time did the first “Private Madhouses” appear?
17th century
What hospital was built in the 18th century to house the mentally ill?
Bethlem Royal Hospital
During the 18th century, how was mental illness viewed?
As a moral weakness
Which patient was hospitalized in Bethlem for acute mania, and was the first to be treated with “photo therapy?”
WG
How have treatments evolved from the 18th century to the 20th century?
18th: Hospitalization
19th: Moral management
20th: Society cooperation and interaction
At what time did the descriptor “lunatics” first appear in reference to the mentally ill?
18th century
In the 18th century, what were the two categories of mental illness?
Mania and melancholy
Who is considered the father of American Psychiatry?
Benjamin Rush
How did Rush describe mental illness?
A disease of the mind, not a “possession of demons”
What event took place that established a turning point for mental illness and created an overcrowding crisis?
American Civil War
A well-known designer of asylums during the 19th century.
Who is Thomas Story Kirkbride? Correct again.
The first establishment that acted as a community, where the patients took part in societal tasks and recreational activities.
What is Athens Asylum? Boy, you’re good.
What was the major consequence of overcrowding of asylums?
Sharp decline in patient care
Which doctor performed the first lobotomy?
Freeman
Around what time did the lobotomy gain fame?
1930s
The first psychotropic medication on the market in 1954.
What is thorazine? Dayum shawty, keep chuggin.
Which president first moved toward de-institutionalization?
JFK
In what year was it declared that patients could no longer work at mental institutions without pay?
1972
Which movie criticized both biological and psychiatric therapies?
“One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”
What was the major consequence of deinstitutionalization?
Relocation trauma
