History of Mental Illness and Intervention

Question 1

The earliest known surgery is known as?

Answer 1

Trepanning

Question 2

What is trepanning and what was it used for?

Answer 2

Drilling a hole in the skull; Used to drive alien spirits from the body

Question 3

Trepanning was thought to be an early remedy for what conditions?

Answer 3

Insanity, epilepsy and headaches

Question 4

In Ancient Greece and Rome, what were the two theories of mental illness?

Answer 4

Caused by possession

All illness has natural origins

Question 5

Which ancient philosopher was the first to describe Humoral theory?

Answer 5

Hippocrates

Question 6

What is Humoral theory?

Answer 6

Personality is based on 4 augurs or humors that are balanced if healthy

Question 7

What personalities do the 4 humors represent?

Answer 7

Phlegm = apathy/unemotional/stoic
Black bile = melancholy/depression
Yellow bile = aggression/anger
Blood = Sanguine/happiness

Question 8

Which ancient philosopher theorized that childhood experiences shaped adult behaviors?

Answer 8

Plato

Question 9

Which ancient philosopher contemplated the role of genetic inheritance?

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

Who conducted interviews of people based on tribe/gender/nationality/etc?

Answer 10

Cicero

Question 11

This philosopher incorporated anatomical knowledge and emphasized knowing via observation and experimentation.

Answer 11

Who is Galen? Correct.

Question 12

“No fear of demons,” presentation of definitions for illness, and an emphasis on compassionate treatment are all attributed to whom?

Answer 12

Al-Razi

Question 13

If one were considered mentally ill in the Middle Ages, how would one be treated?

Answer 13

Exorcism

Question 14

What does the term “Malleus Maleficarum” mean?

Answer 14

Argument for the existence of witches/”Proof” that witches were mostly women/Insanity was caused by the devil

Question 15

What was the general belief regarding the mentally ill around the 17th century?

Answer 15

If mad people behaved like animals, they should be treated as such

Question 16

Which doctor advocated curative discipline, fetters, blows and other medical treatments for mental illness in the 17th century?

Answer 16

Thomas Willis

Question 17

Which doctor was the first to stress the importance of discussing problems with a close friend or doctor?

Answer 17

Robert Burton

Question 18

Around what time did the first “Private Madhouses” appear?

Answer 18

17th century

Question 19

What hospital was built in the 18th century to house the mentally ill?

Answer 19

Bethlem Royal Hospital

Question 20

During the 18th century, how was mental illness viewed?

Answer 20

As a moral weakness

Question 21

Which patient was hospitalized in Bethlem for acute mania, and was the first to be treated with “photo therapy?”

Answer 21

WG

Question 22

How have treatments evolved from the 18th century to the 20th century?

Answer 22

18th: Hospitalization
19th: Moral management
20th: Society cooperation and interaction

Question 23

At what time did the descriptor “lunatics” first appear in reference to the mentally ill?

Answer 23

18th century

Question 24

In the 18th century, what were the two categories of mental illness?

Answer 24

Mania and melancholy

Question 25

Who is considered the father of American Psychiatry?

Answer 25

Benjamin Rush

Question 26

How did Rush describe mental illness?

Answer 26

A disease of the mind, not a “possession of demons”

Question 27

What event took place that established a turning point for mental illness and created an overcrowding crisis?

Answer 27

American Civil War

Question 28

A well-known designer of asylums during the 19th century.

Answer 28

Who is Thomas Story Kirkbride? Correct again.

Question 29

The first establishment that acted as a community, where the patients took part in societal tasks and recreational activities.

Answer 29

What is Athens Asylum? Boy, you’re good.

Question 30

What was the major consequence of overcrowding of asylums?

Answer 30

Sharp decline in patient care

Question 31

Which doctor performed the first lobotomy?

Answer 31

Freeman

Question 32

Around what time did the lobotomy gain fame?

Answer 32

1930s

Question 33

The first psychotropic medication on the market in 1954.

Answer 33

What is thorazine? Dayum shawty, keep chuggin.

Question 34

Which president first moved toward de-institutionalization?

Answer 34

JFK

Question 35

In what year was it declared that patients could no longer work at mental institutions without pay?

Answer 35

1972

Question 36

Which movie criticized both biological and psychiatric therapies?

Answer 36

“One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”

Question 37

What was the major consequence of deinstitutionalization?

Answer 37

Relocation trauma