History Of Medicine Flashcards
What text predates Galen by 1000 years?
Mawangdui; a chinese medical text.
What does the Mawangdui text describe?
Describes the dissection of a criminal as a punishment for crimes.
How did the egyptians practice medicine?
They had a God of Medicine (Heka) that outlined 3 tenets of medicine.
What are the tenets of medicine describe by the egyptians?
Treatable
Contestable
Untreatable
How did the Greeks and Romans practice medicine?
Romans thought that medicine was beneath them and therefore most if not all doctors in rome were greek. The greek method of medicine was not surpassed until modern times .
What are Galens Theories?
Theory that: illness was caused by an imbalance of either blood, phlegm, black bile, ad yellow bile. Purging and bloodletting was commonly used as treatments.
How’d society move on from Galens Theories?
Andreas Vesallius was the first to make suggestions opposing Galen. He sugggested that organs had functions. Later Will Harvey dicovered blood flow.
What is Herbal medicine?
One of the foundations of modern medicine where herbs and other plants were used to treat medical issues.
What are some examples fo widley used herbs?
Tumeric; anti-inflammatory
St. Johns Wort; allevites minor mood symptoms
What is the difference between ancient medicine and modern medical practices?
The use of evidence to prove that treatments are effective and safe. Any reports or evidence must be peer reviewed, strictly adhere to regulatory body guidelines such as the GMC and HCPC, and scruitinzed.
Describe benefical (questionable) medical practices/remedies that were used in China.
Acupuncture; evidence for pain relief, heavily reliant on placebo
Tai Chi; improves balance and stability, promotes quality of life.
Who discovered Homeopathy?
Sameul Hahnemann
What is Homeopathy?
Logarithmic scale of dilution to increase potentcy of an active ingredient. Dilutions were 1:100 (which serves no purpose and ineffective)
Describe unbenefical (questionable) medical practices/remedies that were used in China.
Herbs; Natural is not necessarily better and sometimes just nonsense (e.g. Rhino Horns, Shark Fins)
What did the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) outline?
DoH standardized ethics in medical practice and research globally by adressing issues such as:
- Risks should not exceed benefits
- Research protocols should be reviewed by an independent commitee
- Research with humans should be based on lab results
