History of Medicine Flashcards
What were the three distinct eras demarcated by its own paradigm?
- The era of sanitary statistics with its paradigm miasma. (malaria)
- The era of infectious disease epidemiology with its paradigm the germ theory.
- The era of chronic disease epidemiology with its paradigm the black box.
What was at the centre of the concerns of the founder and early protagonists of the prevailing paradigm in each era?
public health
What is meant by herbalism?
Observation of the behaviour of fauna of plants as healing agents, as well as clays and soils
Discuss Egyptian medicine
- Egyptian medicine dealt with the Supernatural it eventually developed a practical use in Anatomy, public health and clinical diagnostics.
- they had powerful religious beliefs with many gods, provided the explanation for afflictions such as illness for which there was no obvious cause. they were the first to keep accurate written health records.
- patients were examined and simple surgery was perfomed.
- they believed in life after death and so preserved the bodies of important people by Mummification for the afterlife.
Edwin Smith Papyrus
An ancient Egyptian medical text, named after the dealer who bought it in 1862. Oldest known surgical treatise on trauma.
List 4 practices that were practiced in Egyptian medicine
Surgeons in ancient Egypt were both priests and doctors blending ritual with medicine.
- Blood letting
- Monthly purging
- Making prosthetic devices
- Embalming
What is meant by Atharvaveda?
It is a sacred text of Hinduism, dating from early Iron age, and is one of the first Indian texts dealing with medicine.
What did the Atharvaveda contain? It formed a large part of what?
- It contained prescriptions of herbs for various ailments.
- later formed large part of Ayurveda: “ complete knowledge for long life” is another medical system of India.
Where did they say this? “Health and disease are not predetermined and life may be prolonged by human effort”
In Indian medicine.
An ancient Indian medicine what surgical procedures do they practice?
They practiced surgical procedures like: hernia repairs amputations c-sections cosmetic surgery to nose, earlobe hare lips
What did the Ayurvedic medicine practicing people believe?
They believed that the body has three main forces called doshas
and that health, character and appearance are influenced by the dominant doshas.
What was the goal of Ayurvedic medicine? And how did they know what caused the imbalance?
Goal was to get the doshas into a balance.
The pulse and physical appearance would provide clues as to what is causing the imbalance. #ayurvedic = concerned with preventing illness
In traditional Chinese medicine what three things did they believe affect health?
Weather, spirits and the time of day
What is qi (chi)
Qi is a cosmic energy force that connect everything in the universe and allows the surroundings to influence a person’s health.
The qi must flow freely through the body to promote harmony. the chi is divided into ying and yang
In traditional Chinese medicine what causes illness? and what causes that?
In traditional China they believe that illness is a symptom of an imbalance of ying and yang.
The imbalance of the ying and yang is caused by the chi being blocked or weak or imbalanced.
What does the ying and yang influence?
Ying and yang influence appearance, pulse, sounds and smells of your body
Who said this, sometimes give your services for nothing for where there is love of Man there is also love of medicine.
Hippocrates
What is acupuncture?
Acupuncture is stimulating energy points with needles or pressure relieved obstructions enabling body to heal.
