HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION Flashcards
Also known as Clinical Laboratory Science
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
It is the collection, receipt, preparation, investigation and laboratory analysis of samples of human biological material for the purpose of supporting patient diagnosis, management and treatment and for the maintenance of health and wellbeing.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
It is a branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the diagnostic or therapeutic applications of science and technology.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
It is a dynamic healthcare profession that deals with the study and practice of diagnostic laboratory medicine.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
The branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the maintenance of health.
Anna Fagelson (1961)
The application of principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory
procedures which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Ruth Heinemann (1963)
The health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as well as in the maintenance of good health.
Walters
An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures or technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.
Republic Act No. 5527/ The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures or technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.
Republic Act No. 5527/ The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
An auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures or technique which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.
Republic Act No. 5527/ The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
Father of Medicine
Hippocrates
Created the Hippocratic Oath
Hippocrates
Described four “humors” or body fluids in man
Hippocrates
It is he code of ethics for practicing physicians.
Hippocratic Oath
four “humors” or body fluids in man
(blood, phlegm, yellow bile & black bile)
traces the beginning of medical technology
Vivian Herrick, MT
Intestinal parasite such as Taenia and Ascaris were mentioned in early writings
Vivian Herrick, MT
Ebers Papyrus- book for treatment of diseases
Vivian Herrick, MT
book for treatment of diseases
-contains description of the three stages of hookworm infection
Ebers Papyrus
When was the ebers papyrus written?
1550 BC
believes that MT began from the Medieval Period as supported by the fact that urinalysis (the oldest laboratory procedure”) was a fad
Ruth Williams, MT
scientific observation”- urine of certain individuals attracted ants, and that such urine has a sweetish taste
Early Hindu doctors
Hindu physician recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine
600 BC
that the urine in diabetes had a taste similar to honey.
1674
reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the appearance for the urine
Quacks
prefers to date MT from 14th century
14th century Anne Fagelson
a prominent Italian physician, Mondino de’ Liuzzi at the University of Bologna employed
one Allesandra Giliani to perform certain tasks now under the domain of the medical
technology profession. Unfortunately, this young lady died from a laboratory acquired
infection
14th century Anne Fagelson
first unlucky recipient of blood transfusion
1492 Pope Innocent VIII
blood of three boys was infused into the dying pontiff (through the mouth, as the
concept of circulation and methods for intravenous access did not exist at that time) at
the suggestion of a physician.
1492 Pope Innocent VIII
He discovered blood circulation, the era of blood transfusion started.
William Harvey
first physician to perform direct transfusion of blood.
Richard Lower
showed it was possible for blood to be transfused from animal to animal.
Richard Lower
Notable for having performed the first fully documented human blood transfusion.
Jean-Baptiste Denys
Animal to human transfusion.
Jean-Baptiste Denys
Performed the first successful transfusion of blood to a patient for treatment of a hemorrhage
1829 James Blundell
first human to human blood transfusion
1829 James Blundell
developed the first crude model of a compound model microscope
1590 Zacharias Jannsen
Invented and improved the compound microscope.
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
first to describe red blood cells to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
Father of Microbiology
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
Also known as the “Greatest of the Early Microscopists”
Marcello Malpighi
works in embryology and anatomy definitely marks him as the “Founder of Pathology”.
Marcello Malpighi
cross-immunity of smallpox and cowpox
1798 Edward Jenner
searched and found the answer to the diagnosis of his patients by several means and
part of this process of collection evidence was investigation in the laboratory, and a
large part of the complete picture consisted of laboratory findings.
1800 Dr. William Occam
production of Aniline dyes
19th century
it became possible to stain bacteria and to study them better under the microscope
19th century
through his leadership, medicine brought in itself a complete revolution by the
development of the physical findings before and after death in establishing an anatomical pathology and later in adding bacteriology to the elucidation of the causes of disease and the laboratory examination
1815 Baron Karl Wilhelm
von Humboldt
1854 - developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law.
Jules Duboscq
1902 – introduced in the clinical laboratory.
Jules Duboscq
One of the youngest of the medical specialist
Rudolf Virchow
Founded the Archives of Pathology in Berlin in 1847
Rudolf Virchow
Pioneer of antiseptic surgery
Joseph Lister
Father of Modern Surgery
Joseph Lister
Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar.
Hermann Fehling
Created the first vaccine for cholera.
1879 Louis Pasteur
First attenuated vaccine
1880 Louis Pasteur
develops an anthrax vaccine.
1881 Louis Pasteur
develops a rabies vaccine
1882 Louis Pasteur
discovers antitoxins and uses them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines
1890 Emil von Behring
discovers medical use of X-rays in medical imaging
1895 Wilhelm Conrad
Röntgen
Noted for having first distinguished the ABO blood group system.
1900 Karl Landsteiner
Blood Typing
1900 Karl Landsteiner
discover insulin – important for the treatment of diabetes
1921 Frederick Banting
and Charles Best
First vaccine for tuberculosis
1927
First vaccine for tetanus
1927
discovered properties in mould that fight bacteria. His discovery of penicillin was one of
the greatest innovations in the history of medicine
1928 Alexander Fleming
performs the first human kidney transplant (on identical twins)
1954 Joseph Murray
started the first laboratory instruction
1884 Dr. Silas Douglas
- the first laboratory (chemical laboratory)
- it became the largest and the best equipped chemical laboratory open to students in the
United States.
University of Michigan
Medical College of St. Bartholomew.
1854
all part-time practicing clinicians were reinforced as teachers by whole time professional
units applying the new laboratory methods to medical practice and medical teaching at
the University College at Cambridge.
1858
he gave the first laboratory course in pathology ever offered in an American Medical School.
Dr. William H. Welch
became the first professor of Pathology at John Hopkins University.
Dr. William H. Welch
the 1st pathologist of the John Hopkins Hospital Department of Pathology
Dr. Simon Flexner
obtained significant results in his works in medicine by applying laboratory methods to
his practice of medicine.
Sir John Scott
Burdon-Sanderson
concluded that the use of laboratory methods in Clinical Medicine elucidates
pathological problems.
Sir John Scott
Burdon-Sanderson
first clinical laboratory was opened at the John Hopkins Hospital
Dr. William Osler
routine examination were carried out, special attention being given to the search for
malarial parasite in the blood.”
Dr. William Osler
A clinical laboratory was also opened at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896 (William
Pepper Laboratory).
Dr. William Osler
- wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” The book was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by
Laboratory Methods” in 6th edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Arthur Sanford and then
“Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods”, presently published
under the editorship of Davidson and Henry when the authors died - This book became the standard reference for laboratories
Dr. James C. Todd
In census, 100 technicians, all male were employed in the United States. This increased to 3,500 in 1920. In 1922, 3035 hospitals had clinical laboratories
1900
an Insurance Act was approved and a complete revolution in the development of the
laboratory science as the basis of disease was formally accepted
1911
stated legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and Institutions
to have an adequate laboratory and to employ a full-time laboratory technician
1915
World War I was an important factor in the growth of the clinical laboratory and produced a great demand for technicians.
1914-1918
Denver Society of the Clinical Pathologist was organized
1921
- One of the first schools for training workers established at the University of
Minnesota - A course bulletin was entitled “Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and
Laboratory Technicians” was issued
1922
University of Minnesota was the first to offer a degree level program believed to be in
1923
1922
American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) was organized
1923
American Board of Pathology was established.
1936
American Medical Technologists (AMT) was formed
1939
World War II marked effect on laboratory medicine.
1939-1945
- The use of blood increased and the “closed system” of blood collection was widely
adopted. - Instrumentation was advanced
- Automated equipment appeared and quality control programs became common place
laboratory medicine certainly moved into an era of sophistication.
1939-1945
- the United States required a two-year collegiate education and a twelve-month
actual training in the laboratory for the preparation of this practice. - A standard curriculum was formalized in 1950 in preparation for a Bachelor of
Science Degree
1940
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 was enacted.
1967
Medical Technologists were required to have a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent
1975
The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) is a group of
clinicians & laboratory scientists that have grouped together to discuss ways of
improving patient services
1977
the term “Clinical Laboratory Science” is adopted.
1999
At the end of World War II, medical technology practice was introduced to the Philippines by the?
26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th
US Army
The US Army established the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines at
Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila where the Manila
Public Health Laboratory is presently located.
The US Army left clinical laboratory and endorsed it to the National Department of Health. But the Department rendered the laboratory nonfunctional for some time.
June, 1943
The laboratory offered training programs to high school graduates
February, 1944
formally organized the Manila Public Health Laboratory
Dr. Alfredo Pio de
Roda
the training of high school graduated to work as medical technicians was revised under Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana. No definite period of training was set and no certificates were given to trainees.
1947, Dr. Pio de Roda and
Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
Who is the founder of the Medical Technology
Education/course in the Philippines?
Mrs. Willa Hilgert Hedrick
She was an American Seventh Day Adventist missionary to the Philippines and married to Dr. Hedrick, the first Medical internist of the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital (now Manila Adventist Medical Center).
Mrs. Willa Hilgert Hedrick
offered the first four-year B.S. degree in Medical Technology with Manila Sanitarium (Manila Adventist Medical Center)
1954 Philippine Union
College
Is an OB-Gyne practitioner and was an owner of Omega Laboratories
Mr. Jesse Umali
Philippine Union College (now the Adventist University of the Philippines) graduated its
first Medical technology graduate in the person of
Mr. Jesse Umali
- Followed in 1960 through the pioneering efforts of Mrs. Purification Sunico-Suaco who was granted by the University President Carmen de Luna, to work on the feasibility of the offering the medical technology course in the university.
- Their first graduates were in 1962.
Centro Escolar University
- started offering B.S. in Medical technology under the College of Medicine.
- Initiated by Dr. Horacio A. Ylagan and Dr. Serafin J. Juliano.
Far Eastern University
Offers the similar course but the degree conferred is B.S. Public Health
University of the Philippines Manila
