History of Medical Technology Flashcards
1
Q
They intended to increase the quality of life of patients
A
Hipporcrates and Galen
2
Q
Father of Medicine
A
Hippocrates
3
Q
Greek physician and philosopher
A
Galen
4
Q
Author of Hippocratic Oath
A
Hippocrates
5
Q
Instigated a rudimentary and qualitative assessment of disorder through measurement of body fluids (4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) in relation to seasons
A
Galen
5
Q
Early medical diagnosis treated disease as a
A
mystery
5
Q
Disease was believed to be caused by _______ between the ______ and the _________
A
negative interaction, environment and the body
6
Q
Advocated the tasting of urine, listening to
the lungs, and observing appearances in
diagnosis of disease.
A
Hippocrates
7
Q
Hippocrates concluded that Bubbles, blood, and pus
indicated ______ and _______
A
kidney disease and
chronic illnesses.
8
Q
Describe diabetes as “Diarrhea of Urine”
A
Galen
8
Q
Established relationship between fluid
intake and urine volume
A
Galen
9
Q
was widely
practiced in medieval Europe for diagnosis.
A
“Water Casting” (Uroscopy)
10
Q
The first book detailing the
characteristics of Urine (e.g., Color, density and
Quality) was written
A
De Urinis 900 AD
10
Q
Physicians who failed to examine the urine were subjected to ____
A
public beatings
11
Q
Medical practitioners were not allowed to
conduct physical examination of the
Patient’s Body. They solely Relied on the patient’s description of symptoms and their observation.
A
11TH CENTURY
12
Q
Mechanical techniques and cadaver
dissection were used to provide accurate
diagnosis to understand the insides of the
body.
A
18th century
13
Q
Physicians began using Machines used for diagnosis or
therapeutics
A
19th century
13
Q
John Hutchinson’s – spirometer
A
Measuring vital capacity of the lungs
13
Q
John Hutchinson
A
spirometer
13
Q
Jules Herisson
A
sphygmomanometer
13
Q
1969 – 80 percent of _______
A
of medical professionals
were non-physicians
13
Q
Jules Herisson’s – sphygmomanometer
A
Measuring blood pressure
14
Q
Technical Laboratories
regulated by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) used for
medical diagnosis in United States
A
Mid 1900s
15
Q
CDC
A
Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
16
Laboratories designed for analyzing medical specimens were organized by chemical experts
mid 1800s
16
Gave way to the
visualization of small cells including tumor cells
Electron Microscope
17
Development from adaption of
computers in medical researches.
Tomography and Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI)
18
Opened to highlight the service role of clinical
laboratories
University of Pennsylvania’ s William Pepper
Laboratory of Clinical Medicine (1895)
19
Called for the development
of a method that would certify Medical
Technologist on a National Scale
John Kolmer (1918)
20
Published The Demand for and Training of
Laboratory Technicians
John Kolmer
first formal training course in Medical Tech
21
Founded with the objective of
encouraging the cooperation between
physicians and clinical pathologists.
American Society for Clinical Pathology or
ASCP (1922)
21
Enacted law requiring all hospitals and
institutions to have fully-equipped laboratory fit
for routine testing and to employ a full-time
laboratory technician
State Legislature of Pennsylvannia (1918)
22
Administrative units of clinical
laboratories in large hospitals were directed by
a Chief Physician.
1920
23
Clinical Laboratories are divided into 4 to 5
divisions:
Clinical Pathology, Bacteriology,
Microbiology,
Serology
Radiology.
24
Sought professional recognition from
the government of their educational
qualifications through Licensure Laws.
Medical Technologists in the United States
(1950)
24
established the Code of Ethics for
technicians and technologists stating that
these allied health professionals should
work under the supervision of Physician.
ASCP
25
Established Manila as their capita
Spanish Empire (late 16th Century)
26
- In Cebu was moved
to Manila to Cater military patients
Hospital Real (1565)
27
Franciscans
built for the poor and lepers.
San Lazaro Hospital (1578)
27
Hospital de San Juan de Dios (1596)
Founded for the poor Spaniards.
28
Hospital de San Jose (1641) -
Founded in
Cavite
29
Founded by Dominicans; 1871 established
the First Faculties of Pharmacy and
Medicine.
University of Santo Tomas (1611)
30
Health and Educational Institutions,
Journals of science and medicine
published:
Boletin de Medicina de Manila (1886),
Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas (1893),
Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas (1895)
31
established and was expanded in 1886.
Board of Health and Charity (1883)
31
Appointed to provide Health care services
throughout the country
Provincial medical officers (1876)
31
Established by the Spanish Authorities for
laboratory examinations of Food, water
and clinical samples headed by General
Antonio Luna as chemical expert in this
Laboratory.
Laboratorio Municipal de Manila (1887) -
32
- Considered to be authorities in
Medicine, started exploring the microbial
causes of diseases.
Spaniards -
32
Converted into the First Reserve Hospital by
Lt. Col. Henry Lipincott who was a Chief
Surgeon of the Division of the Pacific and
Eighth Army Corps
Spanish Military Hospital (1898)
33
Established by US Government,
under the Philippine Commission Act No.
156
Bureau of Government Laboratories
(1901)
34
Bureau located in Calle Herran
Ermita, Manila
(Pedro Gil),
35
– Bureau’s first
director.
Paul Freer
35
Presently, National Institute of
Health of University of the
Philippines – Manila
Destroyed during World War II
35
- Established for
medical officers who sought a career in
laboratory research.
Bureau of Science (1905)
36
Bureau worked with the Army Board until
the latter was disbanded.
Study of the Tropical Diseases (1914)
37
Changed from
Board of Health established by the
Americans and this reorganized into the
Philippine Health Service but later on
reverted to the Bureau of Health by 1933
Bureau of Health (1915)
38
- Japan attacked the
whole of Manila through aerial assault and
deployment of troops just ten hours after
the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
December 8, 1941 -
38
Formally opened its Certificate in Health
Program with the aim to provide proper
training to the Philippine Health Service’s
Medical Officers.
University of the Philippines’ College of
Public Health “UPCPH” (June 1927)
39
First laboratory unit to be assigned in the
South West Pacific Area (SWPA).
3rd Medical Laboratory (June 18, 1942) -
39
US forces landed in Leyte, the
laboratories including the 3rd,
5th and 8th Medical Laboratories
and the 19th Medical Laboratory
were relocated to the West
Pacific Area.
1944
39
- First
Clinical Laboratory in the Philippines
established during World War II by 6th
Infantry Division of the US Army.
Manila Public Health Laboratory -
40
26th and 27th Medical
Laboratories and the 363rd
Medical Composite Detachment.
1944:
41
27
th operated in
TACLOBAN
42
19th Medical General
Laboratory, 3rd Medical
Laboratory, and the 363rd
Medical Composite Detachment
operated in Leyte.
1944:
43
26th Medical Laboratory
operated in
Lingayen Gulf.
44
27th operated in Tacloban and
26th Medical Laboratory
operated in Lingayen Gulf. (only
lab. unit in Luzon for six months).
1944:
45
Location of Manila Public Health Laboratory
208 Quiricada St., Sta.Cruz, Manila.
46
US Army left and the
laboratory was endorsed to the National
Department of Health and was non-operational until it was reopened in
October of the same year by Dr. Pio de
Roda with the help of Manila City Health
Officer Dr. Mariano Icasiano
June 1945
47
conducted a
training program for aspiring
laboratory workers.
Dr. Pio de Roda along with Dr.
Prudencia Sta. Ana,
48
Training program ended when the
Bureau of Private Education approved a Four-year course in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology.
1954
49
opened the first school of
Medical Technology in the Philippines under the leadership
of Mrs. Willa Hedrick, wife of Dr. Elvin Hendrick.
Manila Sanitarium Hospital
(MSH)
50
Philippine Union College (PUC)
in Baesa, Caloocan City now
(Adventist University of the
Philippines) absorbed MSH’s
school of Medical Technology
51
First Graduate of Medical
Technology Program and Graduated
Doctor of Medicine at the Far Eastern
University (FEU) and became a successful
OB-gynecologist in the US.
Dr. Jesse Umali
52
Initially offered the Medical Technology
course as an elective for pharmacy
students
University of Santo Thomas (1957)
53
Medical Technology was recognized as an
official program
University of Santo Thomas (1961)
54
Father of Microbiology; known for his work
on the improvement of the Microscope
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1660)
55
Discovered Vaccination to establish
immunity to small pox;
Impact of Contribution: Immunology
Edward Jenner (1796)
56
Identified organs by types of tissues
Impact of Contribution: Histology
Marie Francois Xavier Bichat (1880)
57
Produced disease in worms through
injection of organic material –the beginning
of bacteriology
Agostino Bass (1835)
58
Successfully produced immunity to Rabies
Louis Pasteur (1857)
59
* Enunciated his Law of Inherited
characteristics from studies on plants
Gregor Mendel (1866)
60
Demonstrated that surgical infections are
caused by airborne organisms
Joseph Lister (1870)
61
Distinguished blood groups through the
development of the ABO Blood Group
System.
Karl Landsteiner (1902)
62
Presented the first pictures of Bacilli
(Anthrax), and later Tubercle Bacilli.
Robert Koch (1877)
63
Described phagocytes in blood and their
role of fighting infection
Elie Metchnikoff (1886)
64
Developed immunologic test for Syphilis
August von Wasserman (1906)
65
Introduced Steam Sterilization in Surgery
Ernst von Bergmann (1886)
66
Discovered microorganisms whose range
lies between bacteria and viruses called
Rickettsiae.
Howard Ricketts (1906)
67
worked out the structure of Hemoglobin
(Heme + Iron)
Hans Fischer (1929)
68
Developed Poliomyelitis Vaccine
Jonas Salk (1954)
69
Introduced the Westgard rules for quality
control in the Clinical Laboratory
James Westgard (1973)
70
* Introduced the Hepatitis B Vaccine
Baruch Samuel Blumberg (1980)
71
Developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR); used to amplify DNA.
Kary Mullis (1985)
72
Introduced the Intracytoplasmic Sperm
Injection (IVF)
Andre van Steirteghem (1992)
73
James Thomson (1998)
Derived the first human Stem Cell line.
74
First diagnostic medical breakthrough used
to acquire information about the lungs and
heartbeats.
STETHOSCOPE (1816): Rene Laennec
75
Developed medical purposes due to
advances in lenses and lower costs
MICROSCOPE (1840): Antonie Van
Leeuwenhoek
76
First visual technology.
OPHTHALMOSCOPE (1850): Hermann von
Helmholz
77
Using two mirrors to observe the throat and
larynx
LARYNGOSCOPE (1855): Manuel Garcia
78
Allow physicians to view the insides of the
body without surgery; used to diagnose
Pneumonia, pleurisy (Inflammation of
Pleural Cavity caused by viral infection),
and Tuberculosis
X-RAY (1859): Wilhelm Roentgen
79
First visual technology
HEART-LUNG MACHINE (1939): Hermann von
Helmholz
80
Prompted the invention of a new stretcher
(called Sylvia stretcher in 1927) intended
for transporting patients in shock
KENNY METHOD (1910): Elizabeth Kenny
81
Help patients with Paralytic anterior
poliomyelitis recover normal respiration
with the assistance of artificial respirator.
DRINKER RESPIRATOR (1927): Philip Drinker
82
pioneering work for modern physical
therapy in treatment of Polio (Infantile
Paralysis) using hot packs and muscle
manipulation
KENNY METHOD (1910): Elizabeth Kenny
83
Measure electrical changes during the
beating of the heart.
ELECTROCRADIOGRAPH (1903): William
Einthoven
84
CARDIAC CATHERIZATION AND
ANGIOGRAPHY (1941)
first operated
Forsmann (1929)
85
CARDIAC CATHERIZATION AND
ANGIOGRAPHY (1941)
developed by ____ in 1930-1940
Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoi
86
CARDIAC CATHERIZATION AND
ANGIOGRAPHY (1941)
discovered safe for
humans
Cournand (1941)
87
Made for seeing the heart, lung vessels and
valves possible through inserting a cannula
in an arm vein and into the heart with an
injection of radiopaque dye for X-ray
visualization.
CARDIAC CATHERIZATION AND
ANGIOGRAPHY (1941)
