History of Medical Technology Flashcards
“Medical Technology is the application of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures, which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.”
Ruth Heinemann
“Medical Technology is the branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and maintenance of health.”
Anne Fagelson
“Medical Technology is an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of human body and body fluids by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures of technic which will aid the physician in the diagnosis strictly and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”
RA 5527 (The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969)
considered as “Father of Medicine” and author of Hippocratic Oath
Hippocrates
Four Humors
blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
Greek physician and philosopher
Galen
“water casting”
uroscopy
1st book detailing characteristics of urine (color, density, quality)
900 A.D.
medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examination
11th century
Modino de Lussi at University of Bologna employed her to perform task of MT (died from LAI)
Allessandra Gillani
“Father of Microscopy” - invented compound microscope; describe the RBC, protozoa, and classify bacteria according to shape
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
“Founder of Pathology” - greatest of early microscopists; first pathologists; contributed to embryology and anatomy
Marcelo Malphigi
mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection and cadaver dissections were used
18th Century
wrote the first description of hematuria attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood (50 AD)
Rufus of Ephesus
created a system of pathology that combined Hippocrates’ humoral theories with the Pythagorean theory; founder of experimental physiology (180 AD)
Galen
devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid (900 AD)
Isaac Judaeus
discovered the circulation of blood; marked the beginning of a period of mechanical explanations for a variety of functions and processes (1578-1657)
William Harvey
-earliest microscopist
-probably the first to use the microscope to investigate the causes of disease
Athanasius Kircher
used the microscope to document the existence of cells and inspired the works of later histologists
Robert Hooke
founder of histology; famous for his investigations on embryology and the histology and physiology of the glands and viscera (1628– 1694)
Marcello Malpighi
heobserved that urine contained protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid
Frederick Dekkers
first to noticed the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine, which established the principle for the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus
Thomas Willis
first to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another
Richard Lower
discovered the cause of coagulation, which he called “coagulable lymph,” now known as fibrinogen (1739– 1774)
William Hewson
works include descriptions of the germinal vesicle in the embryo, description and naming of protoplasm, discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts, and numerous descriptions of brain, nerve, and muscle cells
Johannes Evangelista Purkinje
-introduced the concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
- discovered partial heat sterilization or Pasteurization
- attenuated vaccines (1822– 1895)
Louis Pasteur
established ward laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where routine tests were carried out by attending physicians (1898)
Sir William Osler
-discovered the complete life history and sporulation of the anthrax bacillus
-developed a method of obtaining pure cultures of organisms
-played a role in perfecting the method of steam sterilization
-discovered the tubercle bacillus by other special culture and staining methods and formulated a rule for determining the specificity of disease-causing organisms
-discovered Vibrio cholera and recognized its routes of transmission (1843–1910)
Robert Koch
discovered methods of antisepsis using carbolic acid
Joseph Lister
- first to observe the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood
- devised a coagulometer to estimate coagulation time
Sir Almroth Edward Wright
- developed many methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat
- discovered mast cells and saw their granulations using a basic aniline stain
- classified white blood cells into different morphological types
- discovered methylene blue as a bacterial stain
Paul Ehrlich
he accidentally discovered penicillin
Alexander Fleming
he developed the bacteriological staining method most widely used today
Christian Gram
he developed the plating technique using double dishes now called Petri dishes
R. J. Petri
he discovered the antibacterial action “prontosil”, a derivative of sulfonamide
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk
- introduced Jaffe’s alkaline picrate method for creatinine
- published the first normal values for uric acid, NPN, and protein in blood for assessment of renal function
- discovered the Folin Ciocalteau reagent
Otto Folin
- discovered the concept of the human blood types
- described the ABO blood group
- studied bleeding in newborns and contributed to the discovery of the Rh factor
Karl Landsteiner
he edited and published the first textbook of laboratory medicine entitled A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis
James C. Todd
he published “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians,” which included a description of the first formal training course in medical technology
John Kolmer
he first reported the ability to recognize cancer in vaginal smears, thus beginning clinical cytology
G.N. Papanicolaou
