History of Medical Technology

Question 1

“Medical Technology is the application of natural, physical, and biological sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures, which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.”

Answer 1

Ruth Heinemann

Question 2

“Medical Technology is the branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and maintenance of health.”

Answer 2

Anne Fagelson

Question 3

“Medical Technology is an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of human body and body fluids by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and other medical laboratory procedures of technic which will aid the physician in the diagnosis strictly and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”

Answer 3

RA 5527 (The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969)

Question 4

considered as “Father of Medicine” and author of Hippocratic Oath

Answer 4

Hippocrates

Question 5

Four Humors

Answer 5

blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

Question 6

Greek physician and philosopher

Answer 6

Galen

Question 7

“water casting”

Answer 7

uroscopy

Question 8

1st book detailing characteristics of urine (color, density, quality)

Answer 8

900 A.D.

Question 9

medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examination

Answer 9

11th century

Question 10

Modino de Lussi at University of Bologna employed her to perform task of MT (died from LAI)

Answer 10

Allessandra Gillani

Question 11

“Father of Microscopy” - invented compound microscope; describe the RBC, protozoa, and classify bacteria according to shape

Answer 11

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 12

“Founder of Pathology” - greatest of early microscopists; first pathologists; contributed to embryology and anatomy

Answer 12

Marcelo Malphigi

Question 13

mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection and cadaver dissections were used

Answer 13

18th Century

Question 14

wrote the first description of hematuria attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood (50 AD)

Answer 14

Rufus of Ephesus

Question 15

created a system of pathology that combined Hippocrates’ humoral theories with the Pythagorean theory; founder of experimental physiology (180 AD)

Answer 15

Galen

Question 16

devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid (900 AD)

Answer 16

Isaac Judaeus

Question 17

discovered the circulation of blood; marked the beginning of a period of mechanical explanations for a variety of functions and processes (1578-1657)

Answer 17

William Harvey

Question 18

-earliest microscopist
-probably the first to use the microscope to investigate the causes of disease

Answer 18

Athanasius Kircher

Question 19

used the microscope to document the existence of cells and inspired the works of later histologists

Answer 19

Robert Hooke

Question 20

founder of histology; famous for his investigations on embryology and the histology and physiology of the glands and viscera (1628– 1694)

Answer 20

Marcello Malpighi

Question 21

heobserved that urine contained protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid

Answer 21

Frederick Dekkers

Question 22

first to noticed the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine, which established the principle for the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus

Answer 22

Thomas Willis

Question 23

first to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another

Answer 23

Richard Lower

Question 24

discovered the cause of coagulation, which he called “coagulable lymph,” now known as fibrinogen (1739– 1774)

Answer 24

William Hewson

Question 25

works include descriptions of the germinal vesicle in the embryo, description and naming of protoplasm, discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts, and numerous descriptions of brain, nerve, and muscle cells

Answer 25

Johannes Evangelista Purkinje

Question 26

-introduced the concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
- discovered partial heat sterilization or Pasteurization
- attenuated vaccines (1822– 1895)

Answer 26

Louis Pasteur

Question 27

established ward laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where routine tests were carried out by attending physicians (1898)

Answer 27

Sir William Osler

Question 28

-discovered the complete life history and sporulation of the anthrax bacillus
-developed a method of obtaining pure cultures of organisms
-played a role in perfecting the method of steam sterilization
-discovered the tubercle bacillus by other special culture and staining methods and formulated a rule for determining the specificity of disease-causing organisms
-discovered Vibrio cholera and recognized its routes of transmission (1843–1910)

Answer 28

Robert Koch

Question 29

discovered methods of antisepsis using carbolic acid

Answer 29

Joseph Lister

Question 30

• first to observe the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood
• devised a coagulometer to estimate coagulation time

Answer 30

Sir Almroth Edward Wright

Question 31

• developed many methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat
• discovered mast cells and saw their granulations using a basic aniline stain
• classified white blood cells into different morphological types
• discovered methylene blue as a bacterial stain

Answer 31

Paul Ehrlich

Question 32

he accidentally discovered penicillin

Answer 32

Alexander Fleming

Question 33

he developed the bacteriological staining method most widely used today

Answer 33

Christian Gram

Question 34

he developed the plating technique using double dishes now called Petri dishes

Answer 34

R. J. Petri

Question 35

he discovered the antibacterial action “prontosil”, a derivative of sulfonamide

Answer 35

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk

Question 36

• introduced Jaffe’s alkaline picrate method for creatinine
• published the first normal values for uric acid, NPN, and protein in blood for assessment of renal function
• discovered the Folin Ciocalteau reagent

Answer 36

Otto Folin

Question 37

• discovered the concept of the human blood types
• described the ABO blood group
• studied bleeding in newborns and contributed to the discovery of the Rh factor

Answer 37

Karl Landsteiner

Question 38

he edited and published the first textbook of laboratory medicine entitled A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis

Answer 38

James C. Todd

Question 39

he published “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians,” which included a description of the first formal training course in medical technology

Answer 39

John Kolmer

Question 40

he first reported the ability to recognize cancer in vaginal smears, thus beginning clinical cytology

Answer 40

G.N. Papanicolaou