History of Medical Technology Flashcards
Knowledge about the past
Helps us understand the present
Shapes the way we view the present
History
Medical diagnosis started from the days of __________
Imhotep
father of medicine
Hippocrates
Hippocrates formulated _______
Hippocratic Oath
the code of ethics for practicing physicians
Hippocratic Oath
the four humors or body fluids in man namely:
- the blood
- phlegm
- yellow bile
- black bile.
These four humors or body fluids were felt to be the _________ and _______ in ancient times
source of a person’s disposition and disease
Book written by Hippocrates
uroscopy
Traced the beginning of MT back to 1500 BC when intestinal parasites such as Taenia & Ascaris were mentioned
Vivian Herrick
large mass of parasites coming from the intestinal tract.
Ascaris
A book for treatment of diseases
Ebers Papyrus
Ebers papyrus book contains description of _______
three stages of hookworm infection.
author of the book “An introduction to the profession of medical technology
Ruth Williams
Ruth Wiliams believes that medical technology began from ______
Medieval Period (1096-1438)
urine of certain individuals ______ and that such urine has a _______
attract ants and sweetish taste.
calling themselves doctors reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the appearance of the urine
QUACKS
Chemical testing progressed from ________
“ant testing” and “taste testing”
it was the beginning of laboratory medicine.
analysis of urine
She prefers to date medical technology from the 14th Century
Anne Fagalson
He invented microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Aside from microscope, what Leeuwenhoek contributed?
describe red blood cells, to see protozoa, and classify bacteria according to shape
Invention of the microscope led to _______
rapid progress of microbiology and pathology.
THE FOUNDER OF PATHOLOGY and father of microscopical anatomy, histology and embryology
Marcelo Malphigi
the “GREATEST” of the early microscopist.
Marcelo Malphigi
youngest medical specialists
Rudolph Virchow
He founded the Archives of Pathology in BERLIN in 1847.
Rudolph Virchow
Performed the FIRST QUANTITATIVE TEST in URINE SUGAR in 1884.
Hermann Fehling
used in staining microorganisms
Aniline Dyes
contribution of aniline dyes
Bacterial staining and microscopic study on bacteria
introduce the gravimetric analysis of urine
Jean Baptiste van Helmont
Pioneered the best qualitative analysis of urine
Thomas Willis
Discovered the presence of albuminuria
Frederick Dekkers
coagulation of albumin and heat and acetic acid test
albuminuria
In 1928, he accidentally discovered penicillin from penicillium molds
Alexander Fleming
He discovered the human blood type (ABO group).
Karl Landsteiner (1900)
Studied bleeding in newborns and contributed to the discovery of Rh factor
Karl Landsteiner (1900)
He researched in the field of blood transfusion, developing improved techniques for blood storage, and developed a large-scale blood banks early in world war II
Dr. Charles Richard Drew
practice of medical technology became known to these countries
Germany, Greece, Japan, Turkey, England and the US
Graduate of the college of physicians and surgeons in New York.
Studied pathology and bacteriology in Germany.
Gave the first laboratory course in the American Medical school.
He also established a laboratory at Bellevue Hospital Medical College
Became the first professor of pathology at John Hopkins University
Dr. William Welch
HOPKINS HOSPITAL with Dr. Simon Flexner as resident pathologist of the laboratory.
Dr. William Osler
in John Hopkins Hospital, special attention is being given to the search for ________
malarial parasites in the blood
Opened at University of Pennsylvania in the same year
William Pepper Laboratory
When did clinical laboratories were established
1896
What are the evidences listed in 1900 census that clinical laboratories were established in 1896?
- 100 technicians (all males)
- 3,500 technicians in 1920
in this year many technicians were employed in hospital clinical laboratories
1922
State legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have ______ and to _______
adequate laboratory and to employ full time laboratory technician
He wrote the book: A MANUAL OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Dr. James Todd
This book became the standard reference for laboratories.
“CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS BY LABORATORY METHODS”,
At present A MANUAL OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS is now being published as __________
Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods” 22nd edition by Richard A. McPherson & Matthew R. Pincus (2012)
Marks the growth of clinical laboratory and produced great demand for technicians
World War 1
Code of ethics for technicians and technologists
“I shall agree to work under the supervision of a physician, refrain from making written or oral diagnosis, & refrain from advising physicians on treatment options w/out the supervision of a physician or pathologists
clinical lab became distinct administrative units of service directed by a chief physician
1920
Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists was organized
1921
courses for Medical Technology & lab Technicians were offered and the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP) was founded
1922
the University of Minnesota offered training to laboratory workers
1923
ASCP established its Board of Registry which developed the Code of ethics for technicians and technologists
1928
American Society of Clinical laboratory Technicians, precursor of the American Society of Medical Technology, is founded.
1932
ASCP Board of Registry required a college degree for a medical technology certification.
1935
The use of blood increased and the “closed system” of blood collection was widely used.
World War II
United States required a ______ and ________ in laboratory for actual practice
2-year collegiate education and 12-month actual training
Medical Technologists sought governmental recognition of their educational qualifications through licensure laws & position reclassification in the Civil Service.
1950
in the same year, a standard curriculum was formalized in preparation for bachelor’s degree.
1950
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) was formed
1967
it was accredited by the American National Standards Institute & subsequently became the home of National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory
1977
HEW stands for
Department of Health, Education & Welfare
1975, MTs were required to have a ________ or the equivalent, & if not, ________ administered by Department of Health, Education & Welfare (HEW).
bachelor’s degree if not, take a proficiency exam
Requirements for HEW exam
high school diploma, 4 years of laboratory experience.
Tests included for requirement for HEW exam
Hematology, Blood Banking, Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 were implemented
1992
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 states that _________________
all lab is required to have a certificate issued by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in which laboratories must have adequate QC programs and pass proficiency tests.
