History Of Mathematics Flashcards
Mathematics has its roots in _________, __________ and _________.
Mesopotamia, Egypt and Babylonia
Mathematics was developed in __________ and simultaneously in __________ and India.
Greece, China and India.
Spread to the neighboring countries in Middle East.
Greek mathematics together with Hindu mathematics.
In what language does Greek mathematics and Hindu mathematics translated?
Arabic and Latin
Which country adopted the translated mathematics?
Western Europe.
It spread throughout the world by civilizations and trade.
Western education
How does the western education spread?
By civilizations and trade
Mathematics started in 4000-3000 B. C. E ancient times in which place?
Sumer, Egypt and Babylon
300 B. C. E - 200 B. C. E
Greek times
Major progress of Greek mathematics happened in _________.
300-200 B. C. E
Mathematicians in Greek mathematics
Euclid
Archimede of Syracus
Hipparchus
775-1202 C. E
Hindu times
What happened in 775 C. E?
The Hindu mathematical works was translated into Arabic.
1489 C. E.
Western Europe
It is a region in Mesopotamia.
Sumer
What did the sumerians do?
They assign symbols to a group of objects to represent numbers.
Two works of the sumerians
-Assigned symbols to objects to represent numbers.
- developed the cuneiform script.
They were the first people to assign symbols to a group of objects to represent numbers.
Sumerians
Cuneiform script that was developed by the sumerians.
Earliest known writing system or pictographic numerals.
Mathematics takes place in Egypt in the year
3000 B. C. E
First people to developed a numerical system that was based on number 10.
Egyptians
Another work of Egyptians that they developed
Hieroglyphic numerals.
2400 B. C. E.
Babylonia
Babylonians used a ___________.
Sexagesimal system
A base 60 system.
Sexagesimal system
300-200 B. C. E.
Greek mathematics takes place
The major _______ progress in mathematics happens in 300-200 B. C. E.
Greek
Who wrote the Elements?
Euclid
A compilation of theorems, axioms in Algebra and postulates and theorems in Geometry.
The Elements
What did Euclid gain from writing the Elements?
The title “Father of Geometry”
Year when Archimedes of Syracus derived a range of formulas.
200 B.C.E.
He is a Greek mathematician, physicist, inventor and astronomer.
Archimedes of Syracus.
In what problems did Archimedes derived range of formulas?
Area of a circle, surface area and volume of a sphere and the area under a parabola.
He derived a range of formulas in area of circle, surface area and volume of a sphere and area under the parabola.
Archimedes of Syracus
Trigonometry of Hipparchus was published in _________.
140 B. C. E.
A Greek astronomer, geographer and mathematician.
Hipparchus
Hipparchus is considered to be the founder of ___________.
Trigonometry
Hindu mathematics started in __________
775 B. C. E.
In what year did the Hindu mathematical works was translated into Arabic.
775 B. C. E.
Hindu mathematical works was translated into __________.
Arabic
In __________, Muhammad Ibn Musa Al khwarizmi introduced the Arabic algebra and Indian numerals in western Europe.
830 C. E.
How did Muhammad Ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi introduce the Arabic algebra and Indian Numerals to western Europe?
By his writings/works
Introduced the Arabic algebra and Indian numerals to the western Europe by his writings/works.
Muhammad Ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi
What did the other Arabic scholars do?
Cultivated the Greek mathematics by translating the works of Apollonius, Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy into Arabic.
In _________, Leonardo of Pisa became popular.
1202 C. E.
Where does Leonardo came from?
Pisa
Leonardo of Pisa is also known as ___________.
Fibonacci
He wrote the book Liber Abaci.
Leonardo of Pisa
What does Liber Abaci contain?
A collection of Leonardo’s arithmetical and algebraic information during his travels.
One of the people to introduce the Hindu-Arabic system of numeration in western Europe.
Leonardo of Pisa
What is the contribution of Hindu mathematics in modern mathematics?
The decimal position system.
What did hindu mathematics introduced in mathematics?
Number zero
What did the number zero symbolize?
Concept of “nothing”
Western Europe in the year ________.
1489 C. E.
A German mathematician
Johannes Widmann
What appear in the book of Johannes Widmann?
The + and - symbols
Where did the + and - symbol first appear?
In the printed book of Johannes Widmann entitled “Mercantile Arithmetic”.
When did the Mercantile Arithmetic published?
In 1489 C. E.
The + and - symbol first appear in Johannes Widmann’s book that was published in 1489 in reference to _______ and _____________.
Surpluses and deficits in business problems.
In _________, he greatly extend the power of mathematics.
17th century
He greatly extend the power of mathematics as a calculator science with his discovery of Logarithms.
John Napier
In _______, Pierre de Fermat was given credit.
1629 C. E.
He is a French lawyer and mathematician.
Pierre de Fermat
Pierre de Fermat was given credit for
The development that led to infinitesimal calculus.
_________ together with ________ began the mathematical study of probability.
Fermat, Pascal
He laid the foundation of Probability Theory together with Fermat.
Blaise Pascal
What did Blaise Pascal invented?
Pascaline
What is Pascaline?
An early mechanical calculator
Pascal is known for ________.
Pascal’s triangle
A tool for expanding a binomial (a+b)^n
Pascal’s Triangle
He is a noble mathematician of the 17th century.
René Descartes
What did René Descartes invented?
Cartesian Coordinate system
René Descartes load the foundation of ____________.
the development of calculus.
Gottfried Leibniz first paper in the calculus was published.
1684 C. E.
He discovered the infinitesimal calculus together with Sir Isaac Newton.
Gottfried Leibniz
Mathematicians in 18th to 19th century.
> Leonhard Euler
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Joseph Louie Lagrange
John Venn
Benoit Mandelbrot
Andrew Wiles
He is on of the important mathematician in 18th century.
Leonhard Euler
Mathematical areas where Euler worked
- Graph theory
-Calculus of Variations
-Differential Geometry
A German mathematician
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Areas where Gauss contributes
Number Theory, Geometry, Probability Theory, Planetary and Theory of functions.
Year when Gauss proved the Fundamental Theory of Algebra.
1799
Rise toward the end of 18th Century.
Joseph Louie Lagrange
He is an Italian Mathematician
Joseph Louie Lagrange
What did Lagrange began?
Rigorous theory of functions and of mechanics.
Where did Lagrange played a key role?
In the creation of metric system of weights and measures.
Who introduced the Venn diagram?
John Venn
Introduced the Venn Diagram in ______
1874
Became a useful tool for Set Theory.
Venn Diagram
Introduced the Theory of Fractals.
Benoit Mandelbrot
In what year did Mandelbrot introduce the theory of Fractals?
1975
In 1892, Mandelbrot published the _____________.
Fractals Geometry of Nature.
In 1994 he proved Fermat’s last theorem.
Andrew Wiles
Mathematical challenges of 21st century was announced.
2000 C. E.
