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Grade 10 2019 > History of Life on Earth > Flashcards

History of Life on Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Approximate age of planet Earth

A

4.6 billion years

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2
Q

How many million years in 1 billion?

A

1000

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3
Q

Years ago that scientists see the first evidence of life on our planet?

A

3.8 billion years ago

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4
Q

Anaerobic

A

Organisms which do not need oxygen to obtain energy from food

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5
Q

Aerobic organisms

A

Organisms require oxygen for obtaining energy from food.

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6
Q

Increased oxygen levels in te atmosphere resulted in…

A
  • Increased variety of living organisms
  • One hypothesis is that this resulted in the Cambrian Explosion
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7
Q

Fate of most initial oxygen released into the oceans and atmosphere

A

Reacted to form oxides e.g. iron oxide (rust)

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8
Q

Ice ages

A
  • Periods of drastic decreases in temperature of the earths surface and atmosphere
  • Glacers form, especially over the poles
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9
Q

Glaciation

A

Large ice sheets form, especially over the poles, due to cooling temperatures

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10
Q

Example global changes during a shift towards an ice age

A
  • Lower temperatures,
  • Species shift ranges towards equator where it is warmer,
  • Climate drier as less evaporation and more ice,
  • Sea level drops affecting aquatic habitat ranges,
  • Extinctions as species lose habitat
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11
Q

Ice age status we are currently experiencing

A
  • We are currently in an “ice age”
  • We are currently experiencing a warmer “interglacial” period with smaller ice caps.
  • Human impact on the environment means we are causing unprecedented global warming effects.
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12
Q

Continental drift

A

The gradual movement of the continents across the earth’s surface through geological time.

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13
Q

Pangaea

A
  • Pangaea was the single supercontinent that existed from earlier continental units
  • From approximately 300 million years ago
  • It began to break apart about 175 million years ago.
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14
Q

The two continents formed when Pangaea split up

A
  • Gondwana
  • Laurasia
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15
Q

Who introduced the Theory of Continental Drift?

A

Alfred Wegener (1912)

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16
Q

Example evidence for Continental Drift

A
  • Geological similarities between varying locations around the globe
  • Fossil comparisons from different continents
  • The jigsaw puzzle shape of the landmasses on Earth.
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17
Q

The mechanism for continental drift.

A

Plate Tectonics

18
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through (geological) time.

19
Q

Fossils

A
  • Preserved complete organisms/ organism remains/ imprints or traces of organisms
  • Usually preserved in rock
20
Q

The study of plant and animal fossils

A

Palaeontology

21
Q

Scientists who study fossils

A

Palaeontologists

22
Q

Some uses of fossils

A
  • Evidence of earlier life on earth
  • Give indications of past environments (e.g. climates)
  • Help geologists to create the geological time scale (e.g. by using known index fossils)
23
Q

Marine or freshwater mollusc with a soft body in a shell of thwo parts

A

Bivalve

24
Q

An extinct marine snail with a flat, spiral shell divided into chambers with wavy interlocking walls.

A

Ammonites

25
Q

Trilobites

A
  • Extinct arthropods (250 Mya)
  • Bodies divided into horizontal segments
  • With three vertical lobes
  • Related to crustaceans
26
Q

How geological time is divided

A
  • Geological time units
  • Units divided by characteristic fossils found in rock strata
27
Q

The Aeon we are currently in

A

Phanerozoic

28
Q

The three era included in the Phanerozoic aeon

A

Palaeozoic (570-250 Mya)

Mesozoic (250-65 Mya)

Cenozoic (65 Mya - present)

29
Q

Periods of the Palaeozoic era (oldest to youngest)

A
  • Cambrian
  • Ordovician
  • Silurian
  • Devonian
  • Carboniferous
  • Permian
30
Q

Periods of the Mesozoic era (oldest to youngest)

A
  • Triassic
  • Jurassic
  • Cretaceous
31
Q

Periods of the Cenozoic era (oldest to youngest)

A
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
32
Q

Geological period showing the first major radiation of most animal phyla

A

Cambrian (570-515 Mya)

33
Q

Geological period showing the first land plants and animals (arthropods)

A

Silurian (435-400 Mya)

34
Q

Geological period showing first land vertebrates and vascular plants

A

Devonian (400-345 Mya)

35
Q

Geological period showing first reptiles and major land plant development and coal deposits

A

Carboniferous (345-280 Mya)

36
Q

Geological period showing increase in mammal-like reptiles and Gymnosperms

A

Permian (280-250 Mya)

37
Q

Geological period showing the first dinosaurs

A

Triassic (250-190 Mya)

38
Q

Geological period showing dinosaurs in the sea, land and air and the first bird-like dinosaurs

A

Jurassic (190-140 Mya)

39
Q

Geological period showing the first flowering plants and the last of the dinosaurs

A

Cretaceous (140-65 Mya)

40
Q

Geological period showing a major mammal and angiosperm radiation, first Hominins

A

Tertiary (65-2 Mya)

41
Q

Geological period showing the first humans

A

Quaternary (2 Mya - present)

42
Q

TBC

A

To be continued…

Grade 10 2019 (4 decks)

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