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IMMUNO-SERO > HISTORY OF IMSE > Flashcards

HISTORY OF IMSE Flashcards

1
Q

A historian; wrote a book describing how Chinese people do the practice of variolation

A. Voltaire
B. Robert Koch
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

A

A. Voltaire (1773)

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2
Q

Performed by getting lesions from infected individuals and then drying it. The lesion gets pulverized and the healthy people inhales it.

A

Variolation

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3
Q

First discovered the vaccine for smallpox.

A

Edward Jenner (1798)

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4
Q

The principle employed by Edward Jenner wherein an exposure to a related virus can offer protection against another virus that may belong to similar taxonomy classification:

A. forward typing
B. hybridoma
C. selective phagocytosis
D. cross immunity

A

D. cross immunity

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5
Q

Modified T or F:
A. Only the first statement is true
B. Only the second statement is true
C. Either statement is true
D. Neither statement is true

Haeckel first discovered the process of phagocytosis. It is the natural process of cell drinking.

A

A

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6
Q

Modified T or F:
A. Only the first statement is true
B. Only the second statement is true
C. Either statement is true
D. Neither statement is true

Louis Pasteur is known as the father of Immunology. He discovered numerous vaccines including anthrax vaccine.

A

C

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7
Q

All of the following were discovered by Louis Pasteur except:

I. live attenuated chicken pox vaccine
II. cholera vaccine
III. live attenuated rabies vaccine
IV. vaccine for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A. II only
B. IV only
C. I and II only
D. II and IV only
E. AOTA
F. NOTA

A

B

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8
Q

A Nobel Prize awardee for the cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis.

A. Charles Calmette
B. Susumu Tonegawa
C. Elie Metchnikoff
D. None of the choices

A

C. Elie Metchnikoff (1883-1901)

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses
its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle,
giving rise to an internal compartment called the
phagosome.

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9
Q

Association type:

  1. Kitasato
  2. Voltaire

Proposed the humoral theory of immunity and discovered antitoxins such as anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria toxins.

A. Only 1 is associated with the statement
B. Only 2 is associated with the statement
C. Both are associated with the statement
D. Neither is associated with the statement

A

A.

Kitasato and Emil Von Behring (1890)

Behring and Kitasato hypothesized that cows and
horses have anti-tetanus antibodies in their blood
and serum; paving the way for passive
immunization.

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10
Q

Association type:

  1. cutaneous hypersensitivity
  2. granuloma formation

Robert Koch (1891)

A. Only 1 is associated with the statement
B. Only 2 is associated with the statement
C. Both are associated with the statement
D. Neither is associated with the statement

A

C

Cutaneous hypersensitivity is also known as “delayed hypersensitivity”. It is the response to microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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11
Q

discovered agglutination reactions

A. Calmette and Guerin
B. Gruber and Durham
C. Schleiden and Schwann
D. Milstein and Kohler

A

B

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12
Q

Who devised an agglutination reaction for the diagnosis of
typhoid fever?

A. Edward Jenner
B. Haeckel
C. Elie Metchnikoff
D. Ferdinand Widal

A

D. Ferdinand Widal 1896

*Widal test is the classic serologic test used for
the diagnosis of typhoid fever.

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13
Q

Identification:

Who discovered the antibody formation theory?

A

Paul Ehrlich (1900)

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14
Q

Identification:

Who discovered the ABO blood group?

A

Karl Landsteiner

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15
Q

The following contributed to the discovery of opsonin and its relation to phagocytosis except:

A. Charles Richet
B. Almoth Wright
C. Stephen Douglas
D. Joseph Denys

A

A. Charles Richet

Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys (1903) are also Nobel Prize awardees for their discovery of opsonin.

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16
Q

Identification:

Who discovered immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis?

A

P. Portier and Charles Richet (1902)

Anaphylaxis is the most serious form of allergy;
it can lead to multiple organ failure that is known
as “anaphylactic shock”.

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17
Q

They described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity.

A. Pirquet and Widal
B. Denys and Widal
C. Pirquet and Shick
D. Douglas and Denys

A

C. (Von) Pirquet and Shick (1906)

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18
Q

Discovered complement mediated cytolysis.

A. Pfeiffer and Buchner
B. Gruber and Durham
C. Schleiden and Schwann
D. Milstein and Kohler

A

A. Pfeiffer (1894-1895), and Buchner

Complement is the principal soluble mediator
of inflammation (the response to infection).

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19
Q

Identification:

Who discovered the 1st successful vaccine against tuberculosis diseases?

A

Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin (1921)

The vaccine is called BCG (Bacillus Calmette-
Guerin), which was named after them.

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20
Q

Received Nobel Prize for his pioneering work.

A. Charles Richet
B. Almoth Wright
C. Jules Bordet
D. Joseph Denys

A

C. Jules Bordet (1920)

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21
Q

They developed the polio vaccine.

A. Salk and Sabin
B. Denys and Widal
C. Pirquet and Shick
D. Douglas and Denys

A

A. Jhonas Salk and Albert Sabin

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22
Q

Identification:

He worked out the genetics of the murine MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) and generated the congenic strains needed for its biological analysis

A

George Snell (1903)

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23
Q

He developed the hemolytic plaque assay and several important immunological theories including an early version of clonal selection.
A. Charles Richet
B. Niels Jerne
C. Jules Bordet
D. Joseph Denys

A

B. Niels Jerne (1911)

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24
Q

He made studies on acquired immunologic tolerance.
A. Charles Richet
B. Niels Jerne
C. Jules Bordet
D. Peter Medawar

A

D. Peter Medawar (1915-1987)

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25
Q

He is an early pioneer in the study of MHC or HLA.
A. Jean Dausset
B. Niels Jerne
C. Jules Bordet
D. Peter Medawar

A

A. Jean Dausset (1906)

26
Q

He discovered immune response genes and collaborated in the first demonstration of MHC restriction.
A. Jean Daucet
B. Niels Jerne
C. Baruj Benaceraff
D. Peter Medawar

A

C. Baruj Benaceraff (1920)

27
Q

Fill in the blank:

Snell, _____ and Benacerraf all worked towards
the discovery of MHC.

A. Dausset
B. Jerne
C. Bordet
D. Medawar

A

A. Dausset

MHC is a group of genes found in chromosome no. 6 in humans; it encodes the production of MHC molecules such as HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen). HLA is found in all nucleated cells in the human body; it is important during organ transplantation.

28
Q

He worked out the polypeptide structure of the antibody molecule, laying out the groundwork of its analysis by protein sequencing.
A. Jean Dausset
B. Rodney Porter
C. Jules Bordet
D. Peter Medawar

A

B. Rodney Porter (1920-1985)

29
Q

Identification:

She developed RIA of peptide hormones; a Nobel Prize awardee.

A

Rosalyn Yalow (1921)

30
Q

He described the action of lysozymes.
A. Jean Dausset
B. Niels Jerne
C. Jules Bordet
D. Alexander Fleming

A

D. Alexander Fleming (1922)

31
Q

He discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes.
A. James Gowan
B. Niels Jerne
C. Jules Bordet
D. Alexander Fleming

A

A. James Gowan (1924)

32
Q

They developed the technique of monoclonal antibody formation.
A. Salk and Sabin
B. Denys and Widal
C. Milstein and Kohler
D. Douglas and Denys

A

C. Cesar Milstein (1927) and George Kohler
(1946)

Both of them received a Nobel Prize for their discovery of hybridoma technology—it is the technique that is utilized in the production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody can be a source of reagents in the laboratory and drugs as well. It only reacts with one specific antigen. (e.g., anti-A antisera = reacts with A antigen)

33
Q

He made crucial discoveries about the structure of Ig, including the first complete sequence of Ab molecule.
A. Charles Richet
B. Niels Jerne
C. Gerald Edelman
D. Joseph Denys

A

C. Gerald Edelman (1929)

34
Q

He developed the quantitative precipitin assay. In 1930-1935, collaborated with Kendall in conducting quantitative precipitin assay studies antigen-antibody reactions.
A. Charles Richet
B. Niels Jerne
C. Gerald Edelman
D. Michael Hiedelberger

A

D. Michael Heidelberger (1888-1991)

35
Q

Identification:

He developed a vaccine against yellow fever.

A

Max Theiler (late 1930s)

36
Q

Identification:

He discovered the somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes that underlies the generation of diversity in human, murine antibodies and T-cell receptors.

A

Susumu Tonegawa (1939)

Tonegawa is involved in the antibody diversity and TCR diversity.

37
Q

They received the Nobel Prize for their discovery
of interferons.
A. Salk and Sabin
B. Isaacs and Lindemann
C. Milstein and Kohler
D. Douglas and Denys

A

B. Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann (1957)

Interferons are substances that blocks the translation of viral proteins; they can prevent the replication and multiplication of viruses.

38
Q

The following are examples of Type 1 IFN as they can stimulate Natural Killer Cells, except:
A. Alpha-IFN
B. Beta-IFN
C. Gamma-IFN
D. Two of the choices

A

C. Gamma-IFN

Alpha-IFN and Beta-IFN are Type 1 IFN since they can stimulate the production of NK cells (Natural Killer Cells), while Gamma-IFN is a Type 2 IFN as it cannot stimulate the production of NK cells but can enhance its function.

39
Q

He isolated a retrovirus from a non-immune deficient homosexual man with lymphadenopathy and called the virus LAV (Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus).
A. Luc Montagnier
B. Niels Jerne
C. Gerald Edelman
D. Michael Hiedelberger

A

A. Luc Montagnier (1980)

40
Q

Identification:

renamed the LAV (Lymphadenopathy retrovirus) as “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”.

A

Robert Gallo (1980)

41
Q

He was responsible for the Th1 versus Th2 model of
T-helper function
A. Montagnier
B. Mosman
C. Edelman
D. Hiedelberger

A

B. Mosman (1986)

42
Q

They introduced the concepts of Transplantation; In 1996-1998, the dentification of Toll-Like Receptors (important during direct phagocytosis).

A. Jhonas Salk and Albert Sabin
B. Joseph Denys and Ferdinand Widal
C. E. Donall Thomas and Joseph Murray
D. Stephen Douglas and Joseph Denys

A

C. E. Donall Thomas and Joseph Murray (1991)

43
Q

They worked on the mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells towards virally infected cells. Discovered the Principle of Double Recognition.
A. Jhonas Salk and Albert Sabin
B. Joseph Denys and Ferdinand Widal
C. E. Donall Thomas and Joseph Murray
D. Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel

A

D. Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel
(1996)

They both received a Nobel Prize for their discovery of the Principle of Double Recognition on how T-cells recognize and destroy its target cells such as virally infected cells and cancer cells.

44
Q

When was the discovery of the FOX3p, the gene
directing regulatory T-cell development?
A. 2005
B. 1773
C. 1903
D. 2001

A

D. 2001

45
Q

Identification:

He discovered the Human HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) vaccine.

A

Ian Frazer (2005)

The HPV causes warts; it is a form of sexually transmissible infection. Therefore, females acquire cervical warts from it—a risk factor for cervical cancer.

46
Q

Identification:

physiological mechanisms that endow the animal with the capacity to recognize materials as foreign to itself and to neutralize, eliminate or metabolize them with or without injury to its own tissues.

A

Immunity

47
Q

Identification:

It is a part of a complex system of defense reactions of the body which can be classified as either innate or acquired.

A

Immunity

48
Q

Identification:

Ability of an individual to resist infections by means of normally present body functions.

A

Natural Immunity (innate/non-specific/non-
adaptive)

49
Q

Identification

a reaction resulting from the invasion of a foreign substance.

A

Acquired Immunity (adaptive/specific)

50
Q

ODD MAN OUT:

A. Specific
B. Pre-existent mechanism
C. Pre-formed components
D. Non-adaptive
E. No immunologic memory

A

A. Specific

Innate immunity

51
Q

ODD MAN OUT:

A. Reinforcement
B. Inducibility
C. Specificity
D. Diversity
E. Non-adaptivity

A

E. Non-adaptivity

52
Q

ODD MAN OUT:

A. Memory-lacking
B. None of the choices
C. Specialization
D. Discrimination
E. Self-limitation

A

A. Memory-lacking

53
Q

ODD MAN OUT:

A. natural infection
B. live attenuated MMR vaccine
C. mRNA vaccine for Covid-19
D. acquisition of common colds
E. none of the choices

A

E. none of the choices

Under Active Adaptive Immunity

54
Q

ODD MAN OUT:

A. vivo colostrum
B. Hepatitis B immune globulin
C. Tetanus vaccine
D. convalescent plasma
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

All under Adaptive immunity

55
Q

The following are true about Humoral immunity except:

A. Mechanism: Antibody mediated
B. Cell type: T-lymphocytes
C. Mode of Action: Antibodies in biologic fluid
D. Function: Primary defense against bacterial infections.
E. None of the choices

A

B. Cell type: T-lymphocytes

56
Q

The following are true about Humoral immunity except:

A. Nature of infecting antigen: Circulating Extracellular Antigen
B. Type of infection: Acute pyogenic infection
C. Variants: Ab- mediated hypersensitivities autoimmunity (types 1, 2, 3, 5, 6)
D. None of the choices
E. All of the choices

A

D. None of the choices

57
Q

The following are true about Cell-mediated immunity except:

A. Mechanism: Cell mediated
B. Cell type: T-lymphocytes
C. Mode of Action: Direct cell-to-cell contact of or soluble products secreted by cells
D. Defense against viral and fungal infections, intracellular organisms, tumor antigens, graft rejection and parasites
E. None of the choices

A

E. None of the choices

58
Q

Which of the following is/are true about Cell-mediated immunity:

A. Nature of infecting antigen: Intracellular organism
B. Type of infection: Chronic, granulomatous infection, neoplasm, fungal, parasitic diseases
C. Variants: Contact sensitivity, DTH, allograft rejection, GVH response, elimination of tumors and formation of chronic granulomas (type 4).
D. None of the choices
E. All of the choices

A

E. All of the choices

59
Q

Identification:

A 20-year old male student from Our Lady of Fatima University developed flu-like symptoms after receiving his first dose of mRNA vaccine for Covid-19. Being a Medical Technology student, he understood that the symptoms he experienced were part of the natural response of his body upon acquiring the said vaccine. In this case, what type immunity was involved?

A

Artificial Active Adaptive Immunity

60
Q

Identification:

Which type of Immunity is the skin associated to?

A

Natural Immunity (innate/non-specific/non-
adaptive)

IMMUNO-SERO (1 decks)

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