History of Immunology

Question 1

What are Koch’s 4 postulates?

Answer 1

1) organism should be constantly present in animals suffering from disease and should not be present in healthy individuals
2) the organism must be cultured in pure culture away from the animal body
3) such a culture, when inoculated into susceptible animals, should initiate the characteristic disease symptoms
4) the organism should be re-isolated from the experimental animals and cultured again in the lab, after which it still should be the same as the original organism (the organism doesn’t change)

Question 2

What are some properties of serum?

Answer 2

• lysis
• agglutination
• toxin neutralization
• opsonization