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Health Science > history of healthcare > Flashcards

history of healthcare Flashcards

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0
Q

tribal doctors performed ceremonies to remove evil spirits called

A

exorcisms

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1
Q

believed that illness and disease was caused by

A

supernatural spirits

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2
Q

what plant is digitalis from and what does it do?

A

foxglove plant

slows and strengthens heart rate

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3
Q

what plant is quinine from and what does it do?

A

cinchona tree

controls fever, prevents malaria

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4
Q

what plant does atropine come from and what does it do?

A

belladonna or night shade plants

relieves muscle spasms, used in surgery to relax muscles, related to tomatoes and eggplant

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5
Q

what plant does morphine come from and what does it do?

A

opium poppy

relieves severe pain but is highly addictive

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6
Q

what plant does salicylic acid come from and what does it do?

A

willow tree bark

main component of aspirin, used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation; can cause Reye’s syndrome in small children

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7
Q

earliest people to keep accurate health records

A

Egyptians

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8
Q

we’re the Egyptians superstitious?

A

yes

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9
Q

learned to identify certain diseases
used medicines to treat some diseases
learned the art of splinting fractures

A

Egyptians

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10
Q

first to really study the cause of diseases, kept records of what they observed and what they thought caused the disease

A

Greeks

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11
Q

main contribution was the finding that some diseases are caused by poor sanitation

A

Greeks

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12
Q

notable figure, Hippocrates, created a standard of ethics still used by doctors as the Hippocratic oath

A

Greeks

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13
Q

learned from the Greeks knowledge

A

Romans

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14
Q

developed sanitation system
•brought clean water into cities through aqueducts
•built sewers to carry off waste
•built publics baths with filtering systems

A

Romans

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15
Q

first to organize medical care for their armies
•sent medical equipment and physicians with their
armies to care for wounded
•beginnings of hospitals
•physicians were paid by gov

A

Romans

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16
Q

dark ages (_____-_____ A.D.)

A

400-800

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17
Q

Middle Ages (_____-_____A.D.)

A

800-1400

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18
Q

Roman Empire conquered by

A

the Huns

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19
Q

medicine practiced in ________ and ________ with many ancient books preserved by monks/church

A

convents

monasteries

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20
Q

church believed life and death was in God’s hands, so care of the sick was ________ (watching and protecting instead of curing)

A

custodial

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21
Q

worst epidemic was ________

over 60 million died; now treatable

A

the bubonic plague

“the Black Death”

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22
Q

oter uncontrollable epidemics:

A

smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis

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23
Q

the renaissance (_____-_____A.D.)

A

1350-1650

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24
Q

Ancient Greek and roman texts were rediscovered when

A

the renaissance

25
Q

new scientific processes began, scientific method started, and universities and medical schools for research were built during

A

the renaissance

26
Q

what became acceptable during the renaissance

A

the dissection of bodies

27
Q

what allowed greater access to knowledge during the renaissance

A

Gutenberg printing press

28
Q

andreas vesalius

A

anatomy

29
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

anatomy

30
Q

Antoine Von Leeuwenhoek

A

microorganisms

31
Q

Gabrielle Fallopius

A

Fallopian tubes in women

32
Q

Bartolommeo eustachio

A

Eustachian tubes from ear to throat

33
Q

pretending to cute diseases

A

quackery

34
Q

many new discoveries were made when that require new ways of teaching medicine

A

18th century

35
Q

when patients died, body was _________ to observe the disease process; increase the study of physiology

A

dissected

36
Q

dissection gave better understanding of the cause of ________ and ________

A

illness

death

37
Q

Edward Jenner

A

smallpox vaccine

38
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

bifocals

39
Q

Joseph Priestley

A

plants and oxygen

40
Q

Rene laennec

A

stethoscope

41
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

hand-washing in hospitals

42
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

microorganisms

43
Q

Joseph lister

A

antiseptics

44
Q

Ernst Von Bergmann

A

sterile conditions

45
Q

Robert Koch

A

microbiology

46
Q

wilhelm roentgen

A

X-rays

47
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

syphilis treatment

48
Q

no a aesthetics before the 19th century, so they used_____

A

herbs
hashish
alcohol

49
Q

some ________ patients to the point of unconsciousness

A

choked

50
Q

later, ________, ________, ________, and other drugs were used as anesthetics

A

nitrous oxide
ether
chloroform

51
Q

vaccines use ________ or ________ forms of viruses to help body form ________

A

dead
weakened
antibodies

52
Q

some diseases controlled by vaccines

A 
whooping cough
diphtheria
measles
polio
tetanus
smallpox
53
Q

gerhard domagk

A

sulfur drugs

54
Q

dmitri ivanovski

A

viruses

55
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

penicillin

56
Q

Jonas Salk

A

dead polio vaccine

57
Q

Albert Sabin

A

live polio vaccine

58
Q

Florence nightingale

A

raised nursing standards

59
Q

Clara Barton

A

civil war, started Red Cross

60
Q

Lillian wald

A

visiting nursing care

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