History of Globalization

Question 1

Silk Road, Indian Ocean trade

Answer 1

Proto-globalization

Question 2

When was proto-globalization

Answer 2

pre-modern era - up to the 15th century

Question 3

proto-globalization is also known as

Answer 3

ancient period

Question 4

Spread of ideas, religion (e.g., Islam, Christianity), and technology

Answer 4

Proto-globalization

Question 5

Trade between ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley.

Answer 5

Proto-globalization

Question 6

Early Modern Globalization was during

Answer 6

16th to 18th century

Question 7

Early modern globalization is also known as

Answer 7

Age of Exploration and Colonization

Question 8

European explorations and colonization led to greater interaction between continents.
○ The Atlantic slave trade and the exchange of goods, crops (Columbian Exchange), and people.
○ Mercantilism and the rise of colonial empires.

Answer 8

Age of Epxloration and Colonization

Question 9

European colonization of the Americas.
○ Expansion of the Dutch East India Company and British Empire.

Answer 9

Age of exploration and colonization

Question 10

first wave of modern globalization was during and is also known as

Answer 10

19th Century - Early 20th Century)/Industrialization Age

Question 11

Key Features:
○ Industrial Revolution facilitated mass production and global trade.
○ Improvements in transportation (steamships, railways) and communication (telegraph, telephone).
○ The rise of capitalism and global markets.
○ Global migration patterns as labor moved to industrializing areas.

● Examples:
○ Expansion of international trade in raw materials and manufactured goods.
○ Large-scale migration to the Americas from Europe and Asia.
○ The gold standard and the beginnings of international finance.

Answer 11

Industrialization Age

Question 12

Second wave of modern globalizaiton happened

Answer 12

Post-WWII to Late 20th Century

Question 13

● Key Features:
○ The establishment of international institutions (e.g., United Nations, International Monetary Fund,
World Bank).
○ Free trade agreements and economic organizations (e.g., General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,
later the World Trade Organization).
○ Spread of consumer culture and multinational corporations.
○ The Cold War divided the world into two blocs but did not stop global interactions, particularly in trade.
● Examples:
○ Marshall Plan and the rebuilding of Europe.
○ The Bretton Woods system and the expansion of global trade agreements.
○ The rise of multinational corporations like McDonald’s and Coca-Cola.

Answer 13

second wave of modern globalization

Question 14

third wave of globalization happened during

Answer 14

late 20th century to present

Question 15

● Key Features:
○ The rise of the digital age and the internet, which accelerates communication and commerce.
○ Economic liberalization in many parts of the world (e.g., China opening up, collapse of the
Soviet Union).
○ The growth of global financial markets and the rise of multinational tech companies.
○ Increased awareness of global issues like climate change, human rights, and inequality.
● Examples:
○ Outsourcing of labor and manufacturing to developing countries.
○ Global financial crises (e.g., 2008 financial crisis).
○ The rise of social media, enabling global communication.

Answer 15

third wave of globalization

Question 16

the last stage and current stage of globalization is called and was during

Answer 16

Contemporary and Future Globalization (21st Century)

Question 17

● Key Features:
○ Greater integration of developing economies (e.g., BRICS nations).
○ Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and renewable energy reshaping
economies.
○ Global health challenges (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic) show both the interconnectedness and
vulnerabilities of the global system.
○ Increasing debates about the balance between globalism and nationalism.
● Examples:
○ Ongoing trade tensions between major economies like the U.S. and China.
○ Global climate agreements such as the Paris Agreement.
○ Digital currencies and virtual platforms influencing global markets.

Answer 17

contemporary and future globalization