History of Fashion: Egyptians, Greeks, Romans Flashcards
What is Egypt’s most common fabric?
Linen
What are the purposes of linen?
To keep the wearer cool and covered
What is linen made out of?
Linen is made out of the flax plant, through the spinning of its fibers
shenti or shendyt
A kilt-like, wrap-around skirt worn by Egyptian men, worn to provide freedom of movement.
What is the khat or nemes?
A striped head cloth worn by men
Hedjet
The White Crown of Upper Egypt
Deshret
The Red Crown of Lower Egypt
Pschent
The hedjet and the desret together, the unified Crown of Egypt.
Khepresh
The war crown, which was cloth or leather stained blue and covered in yellow sun discs. It was used for ceremonial purposes.
Kalasiris
A long linen dress, sewn at the side and was a close fitting tube dress.
Chiton (Etruscan)
A light pleated gown
What were the three fabrics of the wealthy Etruscans?
Fine wool, cotton, and linen
Himation (Etruscan)
A shawl
Lacerna
A short woolen cloak
Tebenna
A long cloak that was draped over the left shoulder and then wrapped around the torso under the right arm.
Granulation
Soldering (fusing) tiny grains of gold on a smooth background to create a glittering effect.
Palla
A large oblong shawl, usually woolen, and was worn by women
Tunic
Standard dress for all men from slaves to the nobles
Bulla
An amulet that wealthy Roman children wore as a sign of adolescence. They only took it off when a boy reached his manhood or a girl got married.
Calcei
Standard outdoor footwear for a Roman and was paired with the toga.
Sandals (sandalia)
Indoor footwear, slippers for the house not to be worn outside
Togatus means? As opposed to sagum-wearers?
Togatus means Toga-wearer, while Sagum-wearers were soldiers. Togatus brought peace.
Toga virilis (toga alba or toga pura)
A plain white toga worn on formal occasions by most Roman men of legal age; the first wearing of this particular toga was part of the celebrations on reaching maturity.
Toga candida
“Bright toga”; this was a toga bleached by chalk to a dazzling white, and was worn by candidates for public office.
Toga praetexta
An ordinary white toga with a broad purple stripe on its border.
Toga pulla
“Dark toga” and was worn mainly by mourners, but could also be worn in times of private danger or public anxiety.
Toga picta
This toga was dyed a solid purple, embroidered with gold. It was worn by generals in their triumphs, magistrates giving public gladiatorial games, and by consuls, as well as the emperor on special occasions.
Toga trabea
There are three different kinds of toga trabea: one of purple only, for the gods; the second of purple and a little white, for the kings; and the third with scarlet stripes and a purple hem, for augurs and Salii.
What are the four types of Greek drapery and what did they all have in common?
The chiton (dress): Doric and Ionic, the himation, and the chlamys. They were all rectangular pieces of cloth.
Peplos/ Chiton (Greek)
The inner tunic of Greek dress. The peplos was worn by women, usually a heavier woolen garment held with shoulder clasps. The chiton was worn by all genders and ages, a simple tunic of lighter linen; for men, the length fell to the knees; for women, it fell to their ankles.
Kolpos
A term meaning “blouse”. The peplos or chiton could be pulled up under the belt to blouse the fabric.
Apoptygma
Referring to the fabric being folded over and hanging down across the top of the Doric chiton.
Ionic Chiton
It was of Phoenician origin, and most often seen as a female garment. It was made of thin woolens (crepe-like), and also of linen. It was cut from two pieces, often sewn or caught together down the right side with the left side open.
Strophion
An undergarment sometimes worn by women around the mid-portion of the body. A sort of corset.
Epiblema
A shawl draped over the tunic (Greek)
Chlamys
A seamless rectangle of woolen material worn by men as a cloak. It was usually bordered, and pinned at the right shoulder or front. It was typical Greek military attire from the 5th to 3rd century BC, and was used as a light shield in combat.
Himation
A rectangle of wool with weighted corners, slung over the left shoulder leaving the right arm free; worn by married women with the corn over their head like a shawl; Dorian older men wore it as their only garment. It was worn over the peplos or chlamys, being the basic outer garment for winter. It was either naturally white or brown, or dyed scarlet or purple.
Doric Chiton
One rectangle piece of wool, dyed indigo or saffron, it was angular and folded over (apoptygma).
