History of Eyeglasses Flashcards
Who was the first to suggest that smoothed glass might assist someone suffering from a visual impairment
Arab scholar and astronomer Ibn al-Heitam (ca. 965-1040 CE
. His Book of Optics was translated into Latin in 1240 and found an attentive readership in many monastic communities
Arab scholar and astronomer Ibn al-Heitam
, Italian monks developed a ___________ lens made of _______________that, when placed on a piece of writing, magnified the letters
in the 13th century
semi-spherical
rock crystal and quartz
The term is derived from beryll, the name of the rock crystal that was smoothed down to form the first lenses.
the German word for glasses (Brille)
This “reading stone” was a true blessing for
Older folks who have Presbyopia
.” Giordano coined the word
“occhiali”
In _______ and ________ two monks
1306, 1313
provided the first documentation of Rivet Spectacles
Giordano da Rivalto and Alessandro della Spina,
WHAT ARE THOSEEEE
RIVET GLASSES
The earliest verified pictorial representation of eyeglasses is that of
Cardinal Hugh of Provence,
The earliest verified pictorial representation of eyeglasses is that of Cardinal Hugh of Provence, by
Tommaso da Modena in 1352
anachronism
a thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned
WHAT ARE THOSEEE
BOW Bridge
WHAT ARE THOSEEE
RAINBOW
SLIT BOW BRIDGE
the threaded (thread loop) spectacle, invented in the early
1600
__________spectacles, one for distance and one for near, in a dated wooden case..
Masterpiece
1678
This design used a one-piece frame, usually , with round lenses
METAL
COPPER
NUMBERG STYLE
For portability and added convenience THE
Folding Nose eyeglass
used starting in the mid century and lasting nearly 100 years.
17TH
FOLDING NOSE EYE GLASES
(1677–1743), a London, England, optician, first advertised spectacles with
EDWARD Scarlett
TEMPLES
Temple Spectacles had short, stiff sidepieces ending in a _______ that pressed against the temples of the head just above the ears.
Circular ring
In_________, another London Optician, invented longer______that were hinged in the middle for ease of storage. This change finally added much needed______and increased stability.
In 1752, James Ayescough, temples comfort
frames were introduced in the second half of the 18th century soon after the Hinged Temple design.
TURNPIN
Adjustable sliding sides were then introduced just before
1800
WHATT ARE THOSE
Bridge Style
The most common style of bridge for Impression Spectacles was the “ _________________________an upside-down “U” with straight side arms
crank design” (1800 to 1880),
__” style and “__” type bridges, both ______ in origin were popular throughout the th century.
“K” style and “X” type bridges, both French in origin were popular throughout the 19th century.
_________ were not commonly used until after 1900
Nosepads
_____________Eyewear was a quirky style that lasted about 100 years (1840–1940
Pince-Nez
The______________ (used with modern lenses in the Matrix motion pictures) were first introduced about________
The Fingerpiece Pince-Nez
1880
WHAT ARE THOSE?
The frames used a “C” spring bridge to hold the eyewear in place using sideways inward force created by the spring’s tension
Pince-Nez
The___________ was worn by only a minority in the United States
monocle
monocle
_________________________________developed the bifocal.
Benjamin Franklin in the 1780’s
trifocal was introduced in London by _____________
John Isaac Hawkins, whose trifocals were patented in 1827
. In 1884 B. M. Hanna was granted patents on two forms of bifocals which become commercially standardized _______________ bifocals.
as the “cemented” and “perfection”
The first photochromic lenses were patented in the and were made of glass. Plastic versions followed in the 1980s and ’90s,
1960
In 1889 _____________, a German medical student, described his own experimentation with contact lenses.
August Muller
. By 1964 over 6 million people in the United States were wearing contact lenses, _____ of them female
65%
