Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > History of evolution > Flashcards

History of evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is evolution ?

A

The change in the gene pool from generation to generation due to natural selection, gene mutation and genetic drift.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Georges Cuvier note in early 1800’s ?

A

That different forms of life existed at different layers of the earth.
Extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck propose in the early 1800’s?

A

The use/disuse theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the use/disuse theory ?

A

That the more organs/ traits are used, they grow stronger.
The less they are used, the less present they are (can completely disappear after a while).
Those traits are passed on to children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did James Hutton believe (early 1800’s)?

A

That gradual natural forces (such as wind) influence the development of the planet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Charles Lyell propose ?

A

Uniformitarianism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is uniformitarianism ?

A

A theory that proposes that life and the planet are influenced by consistent natural forces throughout time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Thomas Malthus propose in 1798 ?

A 
The challenges between population growth and limited ressources
Malthusian Catastrophe (if ressources are unsufficient)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Alfred Wallace and Darwin discover ?

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Darwin indicated that life had what ?

A

Unity
Diversity
Adaptation to make organism fit to a specific environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is natural selection ?

A

The fact that the species with the most adapted characteristics/traits have greater odds of survival and reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Miller and Urey recreated in 1953? ?

A

They succesfully recreated over 30 amino acids out of simple molecules and an electrical spark.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the steps of abiogenesis ?

A

Formation of biomolecules
Formation of polymers
Formation of a membrane
The ability to self-replicate (ex: ribozymes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is abiogenesis ?

A

The process of forming life from a non-biological source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What two organelles of the eukaryotic cell are thought to be originally prokaryotic cells ?

A

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The first life-forms are thought to be autotrophs or heterotrophs ?

A

Heterotrophs

17
Q

What are phototrophs ?

A

Organisms that produce (and use) oxygen (such as plants)

18
Q

Did plants or animals live first on land ?

A

Plants, which produced the oxygen allowing further biodiversity to develop.

19
Q

What adaptations did plants that live on land have to undergo ?

A

Stonger stuctural support (because of gravity)
Have more vascular tissue (to carry nutrients easier)
Avoid water loss (evaporation, or from other animasl)
Need effective method to disperse seeds

20
Q

What kind of heterotrophs are animals ?

A

Heterotrophs by ingestion

21
Q

Animals are the only branch of life that display what tissues ?

A

Nervous tissue

Muscle tissue

22
Q

What is bilateral symmetry ?

A

Having a single axis of symmetry

23
Q

What is radial symmetry ?

A

Having multiple plains of symmetry

24
Q

What is cephalization ?

A

The formation of an area with a large concentration of nervous tissue (e.i. brain)

25
Q

What is segmentation ?

A

The division of the body into sections (allows differentiation of different tissues)

26
Q

How can evolution be observed ?

A 
Fossils and Radiometry
Continental drift and biogeography
Anatomy and physiology
Molecular evidence
Present exampes of evolution
27
Q

What is biogeography ?

A

The distribution of living organisms on the planet correlated to their geography

28
Q

What is convergence ?

A

When organisms not directly related through ancestors adopt simlar characteristics

29
Q

What is divergence ?

A

When organisms sharing a common ancestor change in different ways at one point (which leads to speciation)

30
Q

What is a vestigial structure ?

A

A structure that is no longer used for its primary purpose

31
Q

What concepts define what a species is ?

A

Biological species concept
Morphospecies concept
Ecological species concept
Phylogenetic species concept

32
Q

What is macroevolution ?

A

Large-scale changes in organisms with different physical traits

33
Q

What is microevaluation ?

A

Slight changes in allele frequency from one generation to another (caused by DNA mutations)

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions