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Intro to Perfusion Environment > History of Cardiac Surgery > Flashcards

History of Cardiac Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

William Harvey

A

1628
Father of Circulation
Physician King James I
First to understand circulation & microcirculation

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2
Q

Guillotine’s Influence on Perfusion

A

1800’s
Decapitated heads “consciousness” before death
Experiments carried out to perfuse body part w. blood
1816 Stethoscope invented

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3
Q

1896 Surgeon Stephen Paget

A

“surgery of the heart has probably reached the limits set by Nature… no new method or new discovery can overcome the difficulties that attend a wound of the heart”

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4
Q

1897 Dr. Ludwig Rehn

A

First successful cardiorraphy (remove bullets from heart)
Self taught surgical skills
Sewed a 1.5 cm “gaping wound” in the RV
Change attitude toward surgery of the heart

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5
Q

Dr. Alexis Carrel

A

1904
Developed leak-proof anastomosis
Without constricting vessels or causing thrombosis
Foundation for CABG & heart transplants

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6
Q

McLean

A 
1916
Discovered heparin (mast cells in liver, lungs, gut) to reduce blood clotting
Researcher not a physician
First used clinically in 1933
Available commercially 1950's
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7
Q

Drs. Elliot Cutler and Samuel Levine

A

1923
Used sugical valulotome to surgically repair stenotic valvular lesions
Valvulatome- cracks open stenotic valve

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8
Q

Werner Forossmann, Intern

A 
1929
First cardiac catheterization
Used uretal catheter
inserted in himself
walked to x-ray department to record event
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9
Q

Sir Alexander Fleming

A

1928

Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic

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10
Q

Dr. Dwight Harken

A

1930
Performed first consistently successful elective cardiac surgery
Removed 134 missiles from mediastinum of wounded soldiers
Suspended giant electromagnet over OR table
When engaged all instruments jumped to pole-piece of magnet

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11
Q

Dr. W. G. Biegelow

A

1940
Suggests hypothermia for cardiac surgery
Work based on hibernation of groundhogs

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12
Q

Dr. Helen Taussig & Dr. Alfred Blalock

A

1945
First shunt to relieve cyanosis
2 years, 500 “blue babies” operated at Johns Hopkins

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13
Q

Dr. Arthur Vineburg

A

Pioneered myocardial revascularization

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14
Q

Dr. Charles Huffnagel

A

1952
Developed caged ball valve
Successfully implanted in a human w.o prolonged circ arrest

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15
Q

Dr. John Lewis

A

1952
First successful operation within human heart under direct vision
Used Montgomery Ward watering tank to cool pt

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16
Q

Hypothermia Procedure (Back in the day….)

A

Patient anesthetized
Ventilated
Placed in ice bath
Moved to OR table when pt reached desired temp
Inflow occlusion repaired defect (not on bypass)

17
Q

Dr. John H Gibbon

A

1953
First heart lung machine
Used successfully for VSD closure

18
Q

Dr. C. Walton Lillehei

A

1954

Used cross-circulation to successfully close VSD

19
Q

Dr. Dennis Melrose

A

1955
Reported use of potassium based cardioplegia delivered to the heart to induce cardiac arrest in the lab
1956- K based cardioplegia used at Cleveland Clinic

20
Q

First Cardiopulmonary Bypass

A

Rochester Methodist Hospital

March 22, 1955

21
Q

First May Clinic Patient

A

VSD
5 1/2 y/o girl
Pulmonary HTN
pump time: 40 minutes

22
Q

Drs Edward Garrett, Edward Dennis & Michael DeBakey

A

1964
Aorto-coronary artery bypass grafting
Conduit was a saphenous vein

23
Q

Dr. Christian Bernard

A

1967

First human heart transplant

24
Q

Dr. Denton Cooley

A

1969
Implanted a totally artificial heart
Liotta Heart

25
Q

Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz

A

1968

First successful use of the Intra-aortic balloon pump

26
Q

Dr. Andrea Gruentzig and colleagues

A

1977

First angioplasty performed

27
Q

Dr. Gerald Buckberg

A

1978

Athough blood was used as a vehicle for cardioplegia delivery; Dr. Buckberg refined and advocated its widespread use

28
Q

Evolution of Oxygenators

A 
1956- Kolf Membrane
DeWall Bubble Oxygenator
Early membrane attempts
Kay-Cross Disc Oxygenator
Temple Bubble Oxygenator
Travenol Bag Oxygenator
1985- 90% of centers using membrane technology

Intro to Perfusion Environment (2 decks)

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