history of atoms

Question 1

what is matter?

Answer 1

anything that has a mass, volume + density, made up of tiny particles that move constantly

Question 2

the 4 states of matter

Answer 2

1. SOLID
   - hard bc molecules are packed together tightly
   - can hold their own shape
   - atoms inside vibrate closely together
   - ex: a table
2. LIQUID
   - an in-between state of matter ( can be found in solids + gases )
   - a characteristic = fills up the shape of a container
   - ex: H20
3. GAS
   - really spread out n’ atoms + molecules = full of energy
   - constantly in motion
   - can fill a container of any size or shape
   - ex: steam
4. PLASMA
   - smilar to gases, but atoms are different bc they’re made up of free electrons + ions of the element
   - glows a special color, depending on what kind of gas is inside

Question 3

what are the three sub-atomic particles? state the charge of each one and where they are found.

Answer 3

PROTON
- located in the nucleus
- positive (+) charge
ELECTRON
- located in the orbit ( outer shell )
- negative (-) charge
NEUTRON
- located in the nucleus
- no charge

Question 4

the 4 parts of Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 4

1. all matter is made up of atoms, which are indivisible
2. all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
3. compounds are a combination of two or more different types of atoms
4. chemical reaction = rearrangement of atoms

Question 5

define ion. what is the difference between a cation and an anion?

Answer 5

an ion is when an atom or atoms either gain or lose electrons to become ions
a cation = positive (+) ion
an anion = negative (-) ion