History of atom, Inside atom, Isotopes, radioisotopes, describing the table Flashcards

1
Q

What was Democritus main theory

A

Atomos (tiny particles)

Atoms are indivisible and indestructible

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2
Q

What was daltons main theory

A

Atomic theory from scientific experiments

  • all matter is made of electrons
  • atoms can’t be created or destroyed
  • all atoms of same element are identical
  • chemical reactions happen when atoms are rearranged
  • compound =2 or more different atoms

(5 points)

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3
Q

What was JJ Thompson’s main finding

A

Atoms can be divided

Discovery of negatively charged particle (electron)

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4
Q

What was rutherfords main finding

A

Discovered positive “core” made of protons with the gold foil experiment

electrons orbit in empty space around the core

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5
Q

What was Bohrs main finding

A

Electrons travel in specific energy levels, not in between the levels

Electrons can jump up a level if given a “quantum” of energy

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6
Q

What are the five names of people to remember for history of the atom

A

Democritus

Dalton

JJ Thompson

Rutherford

Bohr

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7
Q

What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom, it’s charge and where it is found

A

Neutrons- neutral, nucleus

Protons- positive, nucleus (making nucleus positively charged)

Electrons- negative, on orbits

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8
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Number of protons

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9
Q

What is the mass number

A

Sum of protons and neutrons (nucleus)

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10
Q

Define isotopes

A

Atoms of an element with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons

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11
Q

How do you calculate the average atomic mass

A

You put

Avg (element letters not in brackets) = mass(other number shown / 100) (same thing for them all) = calculation

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12
Q

Do isotopes all have the same mass

A

No

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13
Q

Define radioisotope

A

Atoms of unstable isotopes decay, emitting radiation as their nucleus changes making it known as radioisotope and are said to be radioactive

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14
Q

What is the mass, atomic number and element/letter of alpha particles

A

Mass-4
Atomic number-2
Element-He

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15
Q

What happen when you do calculations with alpha

A

Proton decreases by 2

Mass decreases by 4

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16
Q

What is a beta particle

A

Negatively or positively charged electrons

17
Q

What are positrons

A

Positively charged electrons

18
Q

What does the negative beta result from

A

The conversion of neutrons into a proton and an electron

19
Q

What is the mass, atomic number and element/letter for negative beta

A

Mass-0
Atomic number- -1
Element- e

20
Q

What does the positive beta particle result from

A

The conversion of a proton into an electron and a neutron

21
Q

What is the mass, atomic number and element/letter for positive beta

A

Mass- 0
Atomic number- 1
Letter- e

22
Q

What do you do with calculating negative beta

A

Proton goes up by 1

Mass stays same

23
Q

What do you do when calculating negative beta

A

Proton decreases by 1

Mass stays the same

24
Q

What happens when you calculate gamma

A

No change to nucleus

25
Q

What are gamma particles

A

A type of electromagnetic radiation

Exactly like visible light but with a much higher energy and shorter wavelength, very damaging because it can penetrate tissue, organs and bones

26
Q

What is half life

A

The time taken for half of the original number of radioactive atoms to decay

27
Q

How to calculate half life

A

1/2 life mass (remaining)= original mass/# of 1/2 lives

28
Q

What are properties of metals

A

Solid at room temp except Hg liquid

Shiny

Conductors (heat or electricity)

Malleable

Ductile

29
Q

What are properties of non-metals

A

Solid,liquid, gas at room temp

Non conductors

Brittle solids

30
Q

What are proper of alkali metals

A

Soft metals

Very reactive with water-not found in nature

React easily with halogens

31
Q

What are properties of alkaline earth metals

A

Less reactive than group one

Often form oxides

32
Q

What are properties of transition metals

A

Strong

Multitalented

Form many compounds

33
Q

What are properties noble gases

A

Inent/unreactive

Outer orbit is full of electrons

34
Q

What are properties of halogens

A

Very reactive with non metals

Easily react with hard alkali metals