History of Anesthesia Flashcards
Anesthetic technique evolution?
inhalation to local to IV
first GA inhalation agent?
diethyl ether
first person to publicly use diethyl ether
William Morton
father of anesthesia
John Snow
was chloroform or ether preferred? why?
ether, cardiac arrythmias/respiratory depression/liver toxicity
who nicknamed nitrous laughing gas?
Humphry Davy
who used nitrous first for anesthetic on a dental extraction?
Horace Wells
most widely used inhaled anesthetic in the US?
Sevoflurane
first person to use cocaine as local anesthetic on the eye?
Carl Koller
first person to use cocaine for IAN block?
William Halsted
who discovered lidocaine
Nils Lofgren
what is the most popular agent for IV sedation worldwide?
propofol
what is used as a paralytic?
succinylcholine
minimum sedation
response to stimulation?
airway problems?
cardio problems?
cognitive impairment but patient responds PURPOSEFULLY to verbal commands
no airway problems
no cardio problems
Moderate Sedation
response to stimulus?
airway problems?
cardio problems?
response to verbal or tactile solutions
no airway problem
no cardio problems
deep sedation
response to stimulation?
airway problems?
cardio problems?
respond to repeated or painful stimulation
may need airway assistance
no cardio issues
general anesthesia
response to stimulation?
airway problems?
cardio problems?
not arousable at all
airway help needed
cardio fxn may be impaired
What ASA rankings need med consultation
III/IV
For minimal/moderate sedation how many people need BLS training in the room?
at least one additional along with the dentist
for deep/GA how many people need BLS training in the room?
at least 3 individuals must be present including (one person who does the sedation and two others)
for inhalation use, what is the lowest percentage of oxygen you are allowed to deliver?
30%
True/False: you don’t need a scavenger system for inhalation equipment
false
True/False: the dentist can leave the facility before the patient is discharged
false
6 A’s of GA
Anesthesia Analgesia Amnesia Areflexia Autonomic areflexia anxiolysis
is sevoflurane volatile or non volatile?
can it be given directly as the gas or does it need to be vaporized?
volatile
vaporized
nitrous oxide volatile or non volatile
can it be given directly as the gas or does it need to be vaporized?
nonvolatile
can be given directly as gas
