HISTORY MYE Flashcards
Eugenics
The scientific inaccurate theory that humans can be improved through selective breeding of population
- Focused on “admirable” traits
(Nazis use this a justification, began in America)
Harlem Renaissance
NYC district was a popular place to listen to jazz and became home of an African American literary awakening
- Discuss need to political economic equality
Social Darwinism
Charles Darwin’s survival of the fittest is applied to the racist belief that human races are in constant struggle to source and outcompete each other
- Belief in pseudo - scientific superiority
- Promoted medical experimentation during genocides
Consumerism 1920s
- Radio and advertising led to an increase in consumerism
- Installment plans made items more affordable
( An economic and social system that encourages the consumption of goods and services as a means of attaining well being )
Flappers
- Characterized by their “bob” shaped haircuts, their short skits, smoking, and dancing.
- They challenged traditional views of women by rejecting societal norms and embracing a more liberated lifestyle
- Their grandparents believed they were not fulfilling their feminine obligations
( Symbolized the “new woman” with her short skirts, boyish figure, bobbed hair, cigarettes, alcohol and dancing)
Great Depression
- Speculators had purchased shares of stock on margin with borrowed funds.
- President Herbert Hoover said they should encourage voluntary controls in the business sector. FDR said the government should help solve these problems.
( Worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and last until about 1939 )
Hyperinflation
- Excessive printing of money
- War reparations
- Government was unwilling to stabilize currency
Red Scare
- Many Americans feared that unions and immigrants were spreading Communism to the US after WWI
- Paranoia led people to believe that government organizations were infiltrated.
- Americans feared communists because they were openly hostile to American values of liberty, individualism, and capitalism.
Prohibition
- Banning of alcohol sales
- Black market and organized crime flourished
Laissez - faire
- A political philosophy that encouraged as little government oversight in business as possible.
- 920s politics characterized this, while FDR and the New Deal promoted government intervention due to the Great Depression
New Deal
- Federal government must concern itself with people’s economic well-being
- The New Deal did not end the Great Depression, World War II did
Panasianism/ Imperial Japan
Japan believed that Asia should be ruled by Asians (them) and wanted to remove all Euro-American colonial presence.
Munich Conference/ Appeasement
In order to pacify Hitler, Britain and France gave into his demands for the Sudetenland
D-Day
The largest land amphibian assault of all time.
It forced the Germans to fight the war on two fronts.
Battle of Bulge
( December 16, 1944 - January 16, 1945 )
- The last major German offensive on the Western Front during World War II
- An unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory
Japanse- American Incarceration
- Schenck v. the United States
- Similar to German concentration camps
- Similar to the Red Scare with paranoia, except, where Japanese-Americans were forced into internment camps.
Pearl Harbor
The United States entered into WWII when Japan did a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii. Dec 7, 1941
Fascism
A belief in societal hierarchy, pro-Christian, powerful leadership, and suppression of civil liberties are characteristics of which political belief system?
Holocaust
A systemic genocide where over 6 million Jewish victims were murdered under the Nazi occupation with help from their collaborators.
The Nuremberg Laws
A series of laws in Germany that stripped Jewish-Germans of their citizenship
The Number Trials
The first set of international laws that put humans on crimes against humanity. There are no statute of limitations and individuals could not blame their government for their individual crimes.
Mussolini
Dictator of Italy
Soviet- American Relations
Disagreement over the future of Poland meant led to worse postwar relations between the USA and USSR
NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was created to protect democratic and capitalist nations in Europe from the spread of communism.
- Based on collective security
Warsaw Pact
- Was created in response to NATO
- A group of satellite nations under the Soviet Sphere of influence
Satellite nations
- Nations dominated by the Soviet Union, East of the Iron Curtain
Berlin Airlift
- When the West flew resource airplanes over Berlin after the Soviets put up a blockade
Containment
A policy which mean that the West would contain communism to the Soviet Union and its satellites.
Cold War
- Characterized by political conflict between ideologies and military tensions
- Not an active war between the USSR and USA, but control of influence.
- Proxy wars took place
McCarthyism
- Sen. Joseph McCarthy led a “witch hunt” to find communists working in the US government. He accused hundreds of people and ruined the lives of many
- His crusade came to an end when he began accusing members of the military and appeared on live TV for the Army-McCarthy hearings
Berlin Wall
Was built by the Soviet to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West
Bay of Pigs Invasion
- A CIA operative mission was meant to force Fidel Castro (communist dictator of Cuba) from power
- It failed, leading to tensions between US and Cuba
- This was similar to the actions in Guatemala, where the US used the CIA to launch a coup.
Cuban Missile Crisis
- US places Jupiter Missiles in Turkey and ItalySoviet Union places Missiles in Cuba as a response. For 13 days things were close to nuclear war.
- Tensions simmer when Kennedy and Kruschev withdrew their missiles.
Mao Zedong
- Post- world War II China divided between Communists led by Mao Zedong
- Mao Zedong’s Communists emerge victorious in 1949, leading to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China
- Mao’s interpretation of Marxist socialism emphasizes agrarian reform and empowerment of peasants
The Great Leap Forward
- A five- year of forced agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization that was instituted by the Chinese Communist Party in 1958
- Economic plan executed by Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party
- Begun in 1958 and abandoned in 1961
- Goal was to modernize the country’s agricultural sector using communist economic ideologies
Chinese Cultural Revolution
- A political movement initiated by Mao Zedong
- Lasted from 1966 to 1976 (until his death)
The Korea War
It began on June 25, 1950 when Northern Korean People’s Army invaded South Korea in a coordinated general attack at several strategic points along the 38th parallel
(the line dividing communist North Korea from the non- communist Republic of Korea in the South)
