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iGCSE History (4 Mark Questions) > History Module 2 - League of Nations > Flashcards

History Module 2 - League of Nations Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the work of the League of Nations in dealing with slavery.

A
  1. Established Slavery Commission to monitor and combat slavery.
  2. Organized international conferences to coordinate abolition efforts.
  3. Persuaded countries to improve anti-slavery laws.
  4. Published reports on slavery conditions worldwide.
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2
Q

What was meant by ‘collective security’?

A
  1. Security for all member states against aggression.
  2. Aggressor to face united opposition from League members.
  3. Principle underpinning League of Nations’ foundation.
  4. Relied on member states’ commitment to enforce sanctions.
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3
Q

Describe attempts by the League of Nations to encourage disarmament.

A
  1. Organized World Disarmament Conference in 1932.
  2. Aimed for global arms reduction agreements.
  3. Negotiated Geneva Protocol to prohibit chemical weapons.
  4. Struggled with enforcement, lacked universal member commitment.
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4
Q

Describe Germany’s relationship with the League of Nations during the period 1920 to 1939.

A
  1. Initially excluded from League at its founding in 1920.
  2. Joined League in 1926, improving international status.
  3. Germany gained permanent seat on Council.
  4. Left League in 1933 following disputes over disarmament.
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5
Q

What was the Hoare-Laval Pact of 1935?

A
  1. Secret agreement between Britain and France.
  2. Proposed partitioning Ethiopia after Italian invasion.
  3. Aimed to appease Mussolini, avoid war.
  4. Exposed, caused public outrage, never implemented.
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6
Q

Describe the work of the League of Nations in the areas of health and refugees.

A
  1. Health Organization combated epidemics, improved sanitation.
  2. Distributed vaccines, reduced disease spread.
  3. High Commission for Refugees aided displaced persons.
  4. Issued Nansen Passports for stateless refugees.
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7
Q

Describe how the Assembly and the Council of the League were meant to work.

A
  1. Assembly: main deliberative body, met annually, all members.
  2. Council: executive body, handled crises, selected members plus permanent.
  3. Unanimous decisions required for policy, except procedural matters.
  4. Coordinated actions on peace, disarmament, and global issues.
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8
Q

Describe how the League dealt with the dispute over the Aaland Islands.

A
  1. Received appeal from Sweden and Finland over sovereignty.
  2. Investigated, recommended islands remain with Finland.
  3. Ensured protection for Swedish-speaking population.
  4. Prevented potential conflict between Sweden and Finland.
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9
Q

What were the aims of the League?

A

ACDC:
- Aggression: discourage aggression through collective security
- Cooperations: encourage cooperation in business/trade
- Disarmament: encourage nations to disarm
- Conditions: Improve living/working conditions for all countries

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10
Q

List the disadvantages of Britain and France being the League’s leaders

A
  • Both weakened by WWI
  • Neither able to fill the USA’s resource gap
  • Trade sanctions only worked if the USA applied them
  • Both more focused on self-interests
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11
Q

Describe the Corfu conflict.

A
  • Greek - Italian dispute, 1923
  • Italian general killed on Greek side of border
  • Mussolini occupies Greek Corfu, 15 people killed
  • Greece appeals to LoN, Britain condemns Italy while France supports
  • Greece made to apologise & pay reparations, Mussolini withdraws
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12
Q

Describe the Manchurian crisis.

A
  1. Japan invaded Manchuria, 1931.
  2. Claimed self-defense after Mukden Incident.
  3. League commissioned Lytton Report, condemned invasion.
  4. Japan left League, kept Manchuria.
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13
Q

Describe the disarmament conference.

A
  • 1932-34
  • Germany (led by Hitler) complains only it has disarmed while other countries have not
  • Other members do not agree to disarm
  • Germany rearms and leaves LoN
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14
Q

Describe the Abyssinian crisis

A
  1. Italy invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935.
  2. League condemned invasion, imposed economic sanctions.
  3. Sanctions were ineffective, lacked oil embargo.
  4. Italy annexed Abyssinia, demonstrating League’s weakness.
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15
Q

Describe the work of the League’s International Labour Organisation (ILO).

A
  1. Promoted workers’ rights and improved working conditions globally.
  2. Established minimum labour standards, including work hours and safety.
  3. Encouraged cooperation between governments, employers, and workers’ groups.
  4. Aimed to reduce poverty and injustice through social justice.
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16
Q

What were the main aims of the League of Nations when it was set up in 1920?

A
  1. Prevent future wars through collective security and disarmament.
  2. Promote international cooperation and resolve disputes peacefully.
  3. Improve global welfare, health, and working conditions.
  4. Encourage respect for treaty obligations and international law.
17
Q

Describe the work of the League in relation to refugees.

A
  1. Established High Commission for Refugees.
  2. Issued Nansen passports for stateless persons.
  3. Repatriated and resettled war refugees.
  4. Provided aid to Russian and Armenian refugees.
18
Q

Describe the work of the League of Nations in the 1920s in relation to health.

A
  1. Established Health Organisation to combat disease globally.
  2. Coordinated efforts to eradicate leprosy, malaria, and yellow fever.
  3. Distributed vaccines and improved public health education.
  4. Standardised pharmaceuticals and medical practices internationally.
19
Q

Describe events in Vilna in 1920.

A
  1. Polish forces seized Vilna, claimed by newly independent Lithuania.
  2. Lithuania appealed to League of Nations for help.
  3. League demanded Poland withdraw; Poland refused.
  4. League took no military action; Poland retained Vilna.
20
Q

What was the role of the Permanent Court of Justice?

A
  1. Settled legal disputes between states.
  2. Gave advisory opinions on international legal questions.
  3. Contributed to development of international law.
  4. Promoted judicial resolution of international conflicts.
21
Q

What made it difficult for the League of Nations to act quickly?

A
  1. Unanimous decisions required, slowing down processes.
  2. Major powers’ absence weakened authority and efficiency.
  3. Lack of its own military force.
  4. Frequent conflicts of interest among member states.
22
Q

What were the weaknesses of (i) the Assembly and (ii) the Council in carrying out the work of the League of Nations?

A
  1. Assembly met only once a year, delaying decision-making.
  2. Unanimous vote required, leading to gridlock.
  3. Council lacked representation from all member states.
  4. Both lacked enforcement powers, weakening effectiveness.
23
Q

Describe the actions taken by Haile Selassie in an attempt to save his country from Italian conquest.

A
  1. Appealed to League of Nations for intervention.
  2. Delivered impassioned speech at League, denouncing aggression.
  3. Mobilised Ethiopian forces for resistance.
  4. Sought international diplomatic and material support.
24
Q

Describe the work of the League of Nations’ Slavery Commission.

A
  1. Investigated slavery practices worldwide.
  2. Pressured governments to end slavery and slave trade.
  3. Organised conferences to coordinate international action.
  4. Published findings to raise global awareness.
25
Q

Describe the dispute over Corfu in 1923.

A
  1. Italian general killed in Greece; Mussolini demanded compensation.
  2. Italy occupied Corfu as retaliation.
  3. League forced Greece to pay compensation to Italy.
  4. Italy withdrew after receiving payment, criticized for aggression.
26
Q

Describe one failure of the League of Nations in the 1920s.

A
  1. Corfu Incident (1923): Italy’s aggressive action against Greece.
  2. League effectively sided with aggressor, Italy.
  3. Demanded Greece pay compensation to Italy.
  4. Undermined League’s principle of collective security.
27
Q

Describe the League’s response to the invasion of Manchuria.

A
  1. Commissioned Lytton Report to investigate the situation.
  2. Report condemned Japan’s actions but proposed no sanctions.
  3. Japan rejected findings, left League in 1933.
  4. League took no effective action to reverse the invasion.
28
Q

Describe the dispute over the Aaland Islands.

A
  1. Islands sought separation from Finland, union with Sweden.
  2. Finland resisted, claiming sovereignty.
  3. League of Nations mediated, awarded islands to Finland.
  4. Guaranteed protection for islanders’ rights, culture.
29
Q

Describe how the League of Nations dealt with the Greek-Bulgarian crisis of 1925.

A
  1. Condemned Greek invasion of Bulgaria.
  2. Ordered Greek troop withdrawal.
  3. Demanded Greece pay compensation to Bulgaria.
  4. Successfully resolved conflict, Greece complied.
30
Q

Describe the League’s attempts to bring about disarmament.

A
  1. Hosted Disarmament Conference in 1932-1934.
  2. Aimed to limit global weapon quantities.
  3. Failed due to member states’ lack of commitment.
  4. Highlighted League’s inability to enforce disarmament.

iGCSE History (4 Mark Questions) (9 decks)

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