History midterm study Flashcards
Zheng He:
Was the most famous Chinese Admiral, and Muslim Eunuch and led 7 naval expeditions through his life.
Aztec-
Powerful Central MesoAmerican civilization in the heart of Mexico, capital was Tenochtitlan, The Empire was founded as a Triple Alliance between the three cities of Texcoco, Tenochtitlan, and Tlacopan
Montezuma-
He was the last emperor of the Aztecs and was kidnapped by Hernan Cortes and killed by either him or his citizens. Got blamed for their downfall.
Incas-
The Incan Empire was an indigenous South American civilization located in the western coast of South America and were famed for their architecture, art, finely crafted buildings, and adaptation of landscapes.
Atahualpa-
Because the past emperor died because of diseases, the remaining sons started a 6 year civil war, Atahualpa claiming the empire and being the last emperor because of Pizarro conquering it during Atahualpa’s reign.
“Guns, Germs, Steel” thesis-
These three factors are what helped the Europeans take down uncharted lands.
Mercantilism-
An economic system of trade; idea to increase exports and limit import
Triangular Trade-
Atlantic Ocean trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Europe of Africa-
Europeans sailed down to Africa and either traded goods for enslaved people or bought goods like gold, ivory, and hardwoods.
Africa to Americas (Middle Passage):
Europeans brought enslaved Africans to their colonies in the Americas for plantation labor.
Americas to Europe-
Europeans brought raw materials produced in the Americas back to Europe. They also sold their manufactured goods back to their colonies.
Main colonies that imported enslaved Africans-
The Caribbean and South America had the most enslaved people. The British and Portuguese bought the most enslaved people.
Columbian Exchange-
The exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World
Circumnavigation-
When someone travels around the world.
Caravel-
Small and fast boat used for exploration by the Spanish
Juan de la Cosa-
He was famous for making the very first world map.
Crossstaff, Quadrant, Astrolabe-
Navigation tools used to measure the latitude to determine where a person is.
Bartolomeu Dias-
He rounded the cape of hope (around Africa), confirming that the Atlantic and Indian oceans were connected
Why did the Europeans want to start explorations?
To find another way for trade and to get to the spice islands.
Which city became the main hub for trade in Europe?
Venice, Italy
Spice trade-
The spice trade, the trade of spices that made Mediterranean city-states extremely wealthy.
Vasco Da Gama-
Portugal, he wanted to find an ocean route to India. He discovered an ocean trade route to India. And he established a long lasting colonial empire in Asia and in Africa, and a direct access to asian markets and goods.
Amerigo Vespucci-
Spain, He wanted to go to the south from Hispinloia to explore the Caribbean. He sailed farthest from any other sailor. He found out that the land mass that Christopher Columbus found was not Asia. He discovered that the land Christopher Columbus found was the New World. America is named after him.
Ferdinand Magellan-
Spain, he believed that he could sail to India by going west to find a western route to the spice islands. He was the first to circumnavigate the globe and discovered that the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were connected.