History midterm freshman year

Question 1

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau? Why was it significant?

Answer 1

The Freedmen’s Bureau was significant because of how many people it helped. President Andrew Johnson appointed U.S. Army officer Oliver Otis Howard as commissioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865.

Question 2

What was Reconstruction? Was it successful?

Answer 2

The historic period in which the United States grappled with the question of how to integrate millions of newly freed African Americans into social, political, and labor systems

Question 3

Who was Andrew Johnson? Why was he significant?

Answer 3

Andrew Johnson was the vice president following Lincoln’s assassinaton. He came to office as the Civil war was being concluded, he was significant because he was impeached, and the first to have done so.

Question 4

What was the Thirteenth Amendment?

Answer 4

The 13th Amendment made slavery illegal

Question 5

What was the Fourteenth Amendment?

Answer 5

Granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to anyone born in the United States or who became a citizen of the country.

Question 6

What was the Fifteenth Amendment?

Answer 6

The right to vote could not be denied based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 7

What is the Ku Klux Klan? Why were they significant during Reconstruction?

Answer 7

The Ku Klux Klan was a group made by white people, going around attacking black innocents. They viewed themselves as good people taking down Black supremacy and regaining white power.

Question 8

The Transcontinental Railroad- What was this? Why was it significant? When was it built? Who were the people helping build the railroad?

Answer 8

The transcontinental railroad was built from 1963-1869. Chinese immigrants assisted in building the railroad. it brought products of eastern industry to the growing populace beyond the Mississippi.

Question 9

Famous Industrialists- Who were Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and Henry Ford? Why were they significant? How did they impact industrialization?

Answer 9

Andrew Carnegie - Produced the steel to make machinery and transportation possible throughout the nation.

John D. Rockefeller - Established Standard Oil, which by the early 1880s controlled some 90 percent of U.S. refineries and pipelines.Apr 9, 2010

Henry Ford - Made cars available to more middle-class American consumers than ever before

Question 9

Industrialization- What does it mean for a nation to industrialize? What factors led to the United States industrialization after the Civil War?

Answer 9

industrialization is the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing. A massive influx of immigration was the reason there was an explosion of industrialization and urbanization throughout the country.

Question 10

Urbanization- What is urbanization? How did this impact the United States during the Industrial Age?

Answer 10

Urbanization is Growth of industries, concentrated people & power in cities. Technological advantages, elevators, sewage, piped water, electricity, subways, refrigerators, and many other advancements

Positive impacts:
- public libraries
- more job opportunities
- advances in technology
- better education opportunities
- cultural attraction - due to the extra time and money
- rise of the middle class

Negative impacts:
- Cities became overcrowded
- Workers lived in unhealthy conditions
- Fast growing
- Few social services or regulations
- Multicultural & ethnically organized

Question 11

Immigration- How did immigration impact the United States during the Industrial Age? Why did people leave their home country and settle in America?

Answer 11

Immigration expanded the labor force and increased consumer spending.

Most immigrants were drawn by the promise of greater freedom and opportunity or came because their own countries were experiencing war, famine, or natural disasters.

Question 12

Ellis Island- Where is Ellis Island located? What is significant about this location? How did it have an impact on America during the Industrial Age?

Answer 12

New York harbor,
It served as the nation’s major immigration station from 1892 to 1924 and can only be reached by boat.
(12 million immigrants)

Question 13

Laissez Faire- What does this mean? How did this impact the United States during the Industrial Age?

Answer 13

No government regulation, “hands off” approach

Positives: Easy to start a business, competitive, lower prices for consumers

Negatives: Low wages, poor working conditions, unregulated products, environmental damage, monopolies

Question 14

Post Civil War Presidents- What reputation did Presidents have during this time period? Who was really in control of running the government? How did big business play a role?

Answer 14

Congress was in control, weak presidents

Question 15

What is Imperialism?

Answer 15

Expansion of American political, economic, cultural, media, and military influence beyond the boundaries of the United States of America.

Question 16

What is Foreign Policy?

Answer 16

How a country carefully maintains relationships with its foreigners, made to maintain peace and economic prosperity in the world. It seeks to establish and maintain peaceful relations with other countries, resolve conflicts without resorting to military intervention, and promote fair trade between allied countries.

Question 17

What influenced the U.S. to look toward expansion beyond its borders?

Answer 17

In the 1830s and 1840s, “manifest destiny”, the idea that the United States was destined to expand across the entire continent, was used to promote further territorial expansion.

Question 18

What was yellow Journalism?

Answer 18

exaggerated headlines, unverified claims, partisan agendas, and a focus on topics like crime, scandal, sports, and violence, made to attract attention

Question 19

How long did the Spanish-American War last? Who Won?

Answer 19

April 25 until December 10, 1898, so short because Spain was not at all prepared for war, the U.S won. TIPERMAN SAYS 4 MONTHS

U.S’ shortest war, Cuba became an independent country

Question 20

What is nationalism?

Answer 20

the belief that your country is superior, without question or doubt.

Question 21

Who was Franz-Ferdinand? Why was he significant?

Answer 21

He was going to be the next ruler of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. After his death, everyone started fighting each other. What was a very regional issue became national because of alliances.

Question 22

What year did World War One Start? What year did it end? What year did the United States enter the War?

Answer 22

July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918
U.S: April 16, 1917

Question 23

Why did the United States not enter the war right away?

Answer 23

many Americans wanted the United States to stay out of the conflict, supporting President Woodrow Wilson’s policy of strict and impartial neutrality

Question 24

Who was President of the United States during WWI?

Answer 24

Woodrow Wilson

Question 25

What was the Lusitania? Why was this significant?

Answer 25

Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was owned by the Cunard Line and was first launched in 1906. Built for the transatlantic passenger trade, it was luxurious and noted for its speed. During World War I the Lusitania was sunk by a German torpedo, resulting in great loss of life.

Question 26

Which countries made up the Allied powers at the start of the war?

Answer 26

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan

Question 27

Which countries made up the Central Powers?

Answer 27

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Question 28

Which alliance group did the United States join upon entering the war?

Answer 28

The Allied powers (the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and Russia).

Question 29

What was the Zimmerman Telegram? Why was this significant?

Answer 29

coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. -- Helped draw U.S into war

Question 30

What is Propaganda? Why was it significant to the war effort?

Answer 30

Spreading of ideas to help or injure a person, cause, etc support the war effort and defend the home front against Germany and the Central Powers.

Question 31

What was the name of the most popular WWI propaganda song created by George Cohan?

Answer 31

"Over There"

Question 32

How did warfare change as a result of new technology and tactics used during WWI?

Answer 32

popularized the use of the machine gun

Question 33

Who won WWI?

Answer 33

Allied powers

Question 34

What was the Treaty of Versailles? Why was this significant?

Answer 34

A peace treaty, where germany had to pay, they had to give away their land, accept fault for war, and had to decrease their military

Question 35

What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Answer 35

1918 january 8, program for world peace free trade open agreements democracy and self determination.

Question 36

What was the League of Nations? Why was this significant?

Answer 36

International organization for world peace first time the leaders from around the world came together to discuss.

Question 37

Compare and contrast the governing styles/policies of Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover.

Answer 37

their support for business deregulation as a means of promoting economic growth. They all believed in a laissez-faire approach to the economy and favored reducing government regulation of business.

Question 38

How did the 1920s represent a change in America towards a more modern culture and society? Provide examples of some of these changes.

Answer 38

rise of a consumer-oriented economy and of mass entertainment, which helped to bring about a "revolution in morals and manners." Sexual mores, gender roles, hair styles, and dress all changed profoundly during the 1920s.

Question 39

What was the Teapot Dome scandal? Which president was this scandal linked to?

Answer 39

The Teapot Dome Scandal was an American political scandal of the early 1920s. It involved the secret leasing of federal oil reserves at Elk Hills, California, and Teapot Dome, Wyoming, by Albert Bacon Fall—U.S. Pres. Warren G. Harding's secretary of the interior—to oil tycoons Edward L.

Question 40

How did the automobile change life for Americans during the 1920s?

Answer 40

Revolutionized transportation, reshaped cities and suburbs, stimulated economic growth, and transformed social interactions, gave families more freedom, etc.

Question 41

How did the availability of credit change society in the 1920s?

Answer 41

More sales, made cars a more reachable goal for many.

Question 42

What was Prohibition? Why was this such an impactful time period in American history? Was it successful?

Answer 42

response to pre-existing social issues like domestic violence and child abandonment whose presumed cause was alcohol. - banned the sale, manufacturing, or purchase of alcohol. Made crime rates involving alcohol spike up Stopped a portion of alcohol consumption

Question 43

What was the Great Migration? Why was this significant?

Answer 43

Between 1916 and 1970, the promise of non-agricultural work, higher wages, educational opportunities, and an escape from racial violence led six million courageous Black Americans to uproot their entire lives and migrate to industrial cities in the West and North.

Question 44

How did the Harlem Renaissance impact U.S society in the 1920s?

Answer 44

The movement brought notice to the great works of African American art, and inspired and influenced future generations of African American artists and intellectuals.

Question 45

When did the Stock Market Crash? Why was this significant?

Answer 45

The stock market crash of 1929 caused the Great Depression because everyone lost money. Investors and businesses both put significant amounts of money into the market and tremendous amounts of money were lost when it crashed. Businesses closed and people lost their savings.

Question 46

List the Causes and Effects of the Great Depression.

Answer 46

When the stock market crashed in October 1929, it triggered a crisis in the international economy, which was linked via the gold standard. A rash of bank failures followed in 1930, and as the Dust Bowl increased the number of farm foreclosures, unemployment topped 20 percent by 1933.

Question 47

What were Hoovervilles? Describe this cultural phenomenon of the 1930s.

Answer 47

Any variety of makeshift shelters for homeless people, mostly victims of the Great Depression from 1929 to 1941

Question 48

What was the cause and effect of the Dust Bowl on the United States during the 1930s?

Answer 48

Prices dropped so low for farmed goods that many farmers abandoned their lands, fleeing westward to become migrant laborers, other farmers were forced to leave because they couldn’t maintain their land, etc.\ All the abandoned dirt fields left dirt flying around in the air, harmed many