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History 1/10/18 > History Midterm > Flashcards

History Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of Checks and Balances

A

One branch does not dominate the other

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2
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Slaves are 3/5ths of a person in terms of the number of representatives in the house

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3
Q

15th Amendment

A
  • Gave protection of the right to vote for everyone regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
  • Didn’t mention women, so they got angry
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4
Q

Role of the Supreme Court (Article 3)

A

Their contitutional power to act on decision appealed from lower courts

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5
Q

Republicanism

A
  • Supreme power rests with the citizens and is exercised by their elected representatives
  • People are expected to be educated enough so as to make informed choices when electing representatives
  • People are expected to have an understanding as to the scope of their sovereignty and how it impacts others
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6
Q

Laissez-faire

A

It means “Let them be” in French. It is the attitude the government maintained towards big business (they did not get involved)

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7
Q

“A seat at the table of the nation” - who gets a say in the new nation?

A
  • Despite fighting in the war, not everyone gets a say in the nation (Reconstruction)
  • I.e. immigrants, indians, women, blacks, former confederates, northern republicans
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8
Q

Anti Federalists

A
  • Founders against a strong federal government

- Greatest contribution was the Bill of Rights

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9
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A
  • Created the Federal Court System

- A written law that created federal laws; including the senate, house of representatives, and the president

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10
Q

Patronage and the “Spoils System”

A

Office holders reward their supporters with federal jobs

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11
Q

Wealth distribution in the GIlded Age

A
  • Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few industrialists
  • The relationship between the government and people lead to wealth distribution
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12
Q

Capitalism vs. Socialism

A

Captialism: The means of production are privately owned by individuals through vertical or horizontal integration

Socialism: The means of production (land, labor, and capital) are owned by the people as a whole (take all the work and divide it equally between the owners)

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13
Q

Social Darwinism

A
  • the application fo “survival of the fittest” to human affairs
  • the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals; law of competition
  • the belief that wealth comes from hard work, and that the poor are lazy
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14
Q

US as a federal system

A

Both national and state governments exist within the nation

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15
Q

Andrew Johnson vs. Republicans

A
  • Political disagreement between Johnson and government

- Led to first impeachment trial of a president

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16
Q

Attitude of the American government towards the Indians by 1900

A

They wanted to get rid of Indian culture and “Americanize” them

17
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery

18
Q

Hull House

A
  • part of larger, national movement
  • provided day care
  • provided education to women
19
Q

Presidential Powers (Article 2)

A

Has specific executive, legislative, and military powers

20
Q

Charles Guiteau

A

He assasinated President Garfield in hopes that Chester A. Arthur would give him a job (spoils system)

21
Q

James Garfield vs. Roscoe Conkling

A
  • They were politcal opponents in the Republican party
  • The government should be for all poeple not just the rich
  • Rapid generation of wealth limited oppurtunities for everyone
22
Q

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances

A
  • Separation of powers separated the powers whereas checks and balances gives each branch the ability to check the power of the other branches
  • Example: in the Mexican War of 1848 is because the President asked Congress for a declaration of war
23
Q

Importance of Railroads

A

Type of infrastructure that rapidly transported people and goods across the continent

24
Q

First Women’s Movement

A
  • Susan B. Anthony and Julia Ward Howe advocated for national participation
  • Mothers Day became part of American tradition because of it
  • It led to the passage and ratification of the 19th amendment
  • Not all women agreed upon the goals of the suffrage movement
25
Q

Implied Powers

A
  • The Constitution implies branches of government to have powers not stated
26
Q

Popular Sovereignty in US History to 1865

A
  • Undermined the role of Congress in the new territories
  • Led to violencce in Kansas (“Bleeding Kansas”)
  • Significantly escalated tension between the states over the issue of slavery
27
Q

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

A

Child labor, strikes, socialism, and labor unions

28
Q

Industrialized Mass Production

A
  • The large scale production of goods
  • Benefits: Faster production, larger quantity of goods produced, cheaper products
  • Disadvantages: lower quality, less variety of designs and colors
29
Q

End of Reconstruction

A
  • Foner sets the date at 1876

- Reconstruction is not over and modern historians are arguing that America is still reconstructing to this day

30
Q

Domestic System

A
  • The production of work at home
  • Benefits: more variety of designs and colors, better quality
  • Disadvantages: Less production efficiency, less items produced
31
Q

Major themes in US History to 1865

A
  • The clash between “old world”(the US and Europe) and “new world”(indians)
  • The tension between liberty (freedom) and slavery
  • What was the Role of the federal government?
32
Q

The Declaration of Independence

A
  • “Declared life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” to be universal and inalienable rights
  • Created tension in American society because it promised unalienable rihts in a nation with an institution of slavery
  • The unalienable rights are the rallying cry of Americans whose rights continue to be denied, by presidents right up into the present
33
Q

Urbanization

A
  • rapid immigration and huge increases in city populations
  • population shifts from rural to urban areas
  • it is the ways in which society adapts to these changes
34
Q

Populist Party

A

Appealed to Western Farmers

35
Q

Progressives

A
  • Movement of the “people” against the special interests; social justice
  • They fought to expand the “we” in “We the people” and to reform America
36
Q

Role of the federal government

A
  • Used its power to protect those it went to war to defend
  • Distributed public lands from coast to coast
  • Provided a national currency
37
Q

Theodore Roosevelt and the end of the Gilded Age

A

Roosevelt’s first term as president signaled the end of the Gilded Age

38
Q

14th Amendment

A

Articulated citizenship and equal protection under the law

History 1/10/18 (2 decks)

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