History Mid-Term Flashcards
a specific point on the earth’s surface with coordinates
Absolute Location
the position of a place in relation to other places
Relative Location
an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western hemispheres
Prime Meridian
an imaginary line that circles that divides the southern and northern hemisphere
Equator
Georgia Region: part of the appalachian mountains - super high elevation
Blue Ridge
Georgia Region: high flat region on the edge of the appalachian mountains - known for the production of coal + huge waterfalls
Appalachian Plateau
Georgia Region: ridges and valleys running through the Appalachian Mountains - lots of minerals for farming
Ridge and Valley
Georgia Region: gentle hills and high population - lots of cities
Piedmont
Georgia Region: flat, low-lying region - known for wetlands, sandy soil, and lots of beaches
Coastal Plain
a natural boundary marking the transition between the piedmont and the coastal plain. characterized by waterfalls and rapids.
Fall Line
How did rivers impact the settlement of Georgia?
they provided essential resources:
- transportation
- fertile soil
- water resources
- settlement growth
- cultural development
What was the purpose of the Etowah Mounds?
They were used as political, ceremonial, and cultural centers for the Mississippian culture.
What were the three main reasons Spain gave for exploration?
- god
- gold
- glory
How did Spanish exploration of Georgia negatively impact Native Americans? List at least three ways.
- introduction of diseases
- disruption of societies
- forced labor
- enslavement
- violence
Who was the founder and first governor of Georgia and played a huge role in the establishment of the colony
James Oglethorpe
Who was the native american leader of the Yamacraw Creek Tribe who played a huge role in the early history of Georgia?
Tomochichi
Who served as a translator and mediator between the British settlers and native American tribes?
Mary Musgrove
What was the purpose of the Charter of 1732?
It established Georgia as a buffer colony.
What was the Governing body of the Charter of 1732?
the board of trustees
What were the rules about slavery in the Charter of 1732?
initially prohibited slavery but then allowed slavery in 1750
What were the rules about land ownership in the Charter of 1732?
land grants in georgia were limited
What were the rules about alcohol in the Charter of 1732?
originally prohibited alcohol but then allowed it in 1751
Who was the group of settlers who were dissatisfied with the policies of the colonies’ trustees?
Malcontents
Who was the group of German-speaking protestants who came to Georgia after being persecuted for their religious beliefs?
Salzburgers
Who was the group of Scottish settlers who arrived in Georgia and helped defend the colony from Spanish attackers?
Highland Scots
Who was the group that settled in Georgia in 1733, established a community, and was a big part of the early economy?
Jews
What were some of the major changes that occurred after Georgia became a royal colony?
The British gained more control
Rules regarding slavery, alcohol, and land ownership were relaxed
What were some important (successful) crops grown in the Georgia colony?
- rice
- indigo
- tobacco
What was the impact/results of the French and Indian War on France?
they supported the native american tribes and engaged in military conflict with British forces
What was the impact/results of the French and Indian War on England?
they lead the British colonies and their native american allies in a military campaign against France
Georgia Colony
they served as a buffer between British and Spanish territories
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
to formally announce the American colonies decision to break away from British rule and establish themselves a independent states
What happened at the Battle of Kettle Creek?
this battle was a huge victory for Georgia’s patriot forces against the British and the loyalists
What were some of the problems with the Articles of Confederation?
They established a weak central government where each state had one vote.
Which direction did Georgia’s capital cities start to move in? WHY?
They started moving westward because of the change in population
What was the purpose of land lotteries in Georgia?
to distribute land to settlers in a fair and organized way
How did the cotton gin impact slavery?
it made it to were much more slaves were needed because the demand for cotton drastically grew
Why were railroads important in Georgia before the Civil War?
they facilitated the transportation of goods such as cash crops
What did William McIntosh do by signing the Treaties of Indian Springs?
he gave up large portions of the united states for money and most of the creeks saw it as betrayal
Who were the key people involved in Worcester v Georgia?
- Samuel Worcester
- Cherokee Nation
- The State of Georgia
- The US Supreme Court
What did the Supreme Court decide in Worcester v Georgia?
Georgia’s laws could not be enforced in Cherokee territory
What was the result of the Worcester v Georgia decision?
the trail of tears
What was the Georgia Platform?
a statement in response to the great compromise of 1850 - a series of laws addressing tensions between the North and the South
What were the effects of the Georgia Platform?
Georgia threatened to leave the union if the North did not follow the fugitive slave act
Why did the Union decide to blockade Savannah?
to cut off the confederacy’s access to supplies during the Civil War
Why was Atlanta important to the Confederacy?
Atlanta had a strategic location as a major transportation hub
What did the 13th Amendment do?
officially ended slavery in the United States
What did the 14th Amendment do?
granted citizenship to anyone born in the United States
What did the 15th Amendment do?
gave all male citizens the right to vote and then African Americans could now run for office
What was the Congressional Plan for Reconstruction?
a plan to rebuild the South and to gain civil rights for African Americans
Describe the Ku Klux Klan.
organization formed to prevent African Americans from being in power or having equal rights
Describe what happened in Georgia’s General Assembly in September of 1868. What was the result of this?
white lawmakers refused to seat the African American legislators elected during the Reconstruction - which led to federal intervention
