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History Mid-Term Flashcards

1
Q

In 1884, 14 European countries met to discuss the division of Africa at the -

A

Berlin Conference

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason behind European Imperialism?

A

Sovereignty

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3
Q

Who was NOT invited to the Berlin Conference?

A

Any African state

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4
Q

The ‘White Man’s Burden’ referred to :

A

Industrialized nations should civilize Africa & Asia

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5
Q

The sepoys were:

A

Indian soldiers

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6
Q

The Sepoy Mutiny was rebellion against British rule over:

A

disregard for religion/culture of Indian soldiers

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7
Q

What was the result of the Sepoy Mutiny?

A

British government took direct control of India

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8
Q

The ‘Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire referred to:

A

India

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9
Q

India was referred to as the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire because:

A

India was Britain’s most valuable territory

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10
Q

Colonies, protectorates, and spheres of influence are all forms of:

A

Imperialism

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11
Q

The Opium Wars were:

A

Over England’s import of Opium to China, fought between England & China, and China’s response to British interference.

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12
Q

Members of the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists:

A

Chinese activists angry about foreign takeover in China

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13
Q

Both the Sepoy Mutiny & The Boxer Rebellion were:

A

Nationalist rebellions against foreign encroachment

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14
Q

The Suez Canal is a waterway -

A

in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean & Red Sea

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15
Q

Commodore Matthew Perry, the weakness of Tokugawa Shogunate, and advanced American military technology were all influences on what?

A

The opening of Japan.

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16
Q

The only free states in Africa by 1914

A

Liberia and Ethiopia

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17
Q

African group which challenged the power of the British & Boers

A

Zulu

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18
Q

The ‘Open Door’ policy, proposed by US Secretary of State, John Hay was:

A

Policy to insure ‘equal commercial access’ to China

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19
Q

What country did Mathew Perry visit, on behalf of the US to open trade?

A

Japan

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20
Q

Menelik II differed from other 19th-century African leaders because

A

he managed to maintain his nation’s independence

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21
Q

What was the impact of the Treaty of Nanjing?

A

Great Britain owned Hong Kong until 1997, Europeans owned more territory in Asia, and Europeans had more control of Asian Markets

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22
Q

Europeans had more control of Asian Markets

A

a period in history when Japan went from feudal to industrial imperialism

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23
Q

What is another name for the Enlightenment?

A

The Age of Reason

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24
Q

Who believed that everyone had the right to “Life, Liberty, and Property?”

A

John Locke

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25
Q

What is the term for the idea that the government should express the will of the people?

A

Popular Sovereignty

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26
Q

What is a period of time in which reason began to guide people’s thoughts and ideas?

A

The Enlightenment

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27
Q

____________________ are a set of 3 basic laws that each person has the right to.

A

Natural Rights

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28
Q

When the people give up their freedom to the government in return for safety, they enter into a

A

Social Contract

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29
Q

A person who seeks wisdom is known as a:

A

Philosopher

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30
Q

Which Enlightenment thinker used his writing to make fun of religious intolerance?

A

Voltaire

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31
Q

What view did thinkers of the Enlightenment share with scientists of the Scientific Revolution?

A

A belief in reason

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32
Q

Which Enlightenment thinker suggested that the government be separated into 3 equal branches?

A

Montesquieu

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33
Q

When did the Enlightenment occur?

A

18th century

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34
Q

Where did the Enlightenment take place?

A

Europe

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35
Q

What is Divine Right?

A

The King receives his authority from God

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36
Q

One of the greatest outcomes of the Scientific Revolution was that people began to:

A

Question traditional opinion and think for themselves

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37
Q

Which argument best fits Mary Wollstonecraft’s ideas?

A

Women should have equal rights as men

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38
Q

Thomas Jefferson used ideas from the Enlightenment while writing:

A

Declaration of Independence

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39
Q

A _________ was a social gathering that was held to discuss Enlightenment ideas.

A

Salon

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40
Q

What is the name of a government in which the power belongs to the people?

A

Democracy

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41
Q

Who is a social contract between?

A

People and government

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42
Q

King of France before the Revolution…

A

Louis XVI

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43
Q

Queen of France before the Revolution?

A

Marie Antoinette

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44
Q

Which of the following was not a slogan of the French Revolution?

A

Justice

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45
Q

What food was SO EXPENSIVE that people rioted?

A

Bread

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46
Q

All of the following were causes of the French Revolution EXCEPT

A

The rise of Napoleon.

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47
Q

How many Estates made up French Society?

A

3

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48
Q

Why was the Estates General unfair to the Third Estate?

A

Each estate only had one vote

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49
Q

Who was in the 1st Estate?

A

Clergy

50
Q

Who was in the 2nd Estate?

A

Nobility

51
Q

Who was in the 3rd Estate?

A

Commoners/peasants

52
Q

About what percent of the population made up the 3rd Estate?

A

98%

53
Q

Which Estates had to pay the vast majority of taxes?

A

3rd estate

54
Q

The Estates General was…?

A

A meeting of the 3 estates

55
Q

Why did Louis XVI call the Estates General meeting in 1789?

A

He wanted to raise taxes

56
Q

The Committee on Public Safety was originally set up to

A

defend France against foreign enemies.

57
Q

Promise by Third Estate representatives to keep meeting until they limited the King’s power…

A

Tennis Court Oath

58
Q

The first French Revolution government was called the…

A

National Assembley

59
Q

The National Assembly did this…

A

Abolished the 3 estates, limited the king’s power, and established equal rights.

60
Q

A prison that was taken over at the beginning of the French Revolution?

A

Bastille

61
Q

Why is the victory at the Bastille symbolic?

A

The Third Estate beat the King for the first time

62
Q

Which document stated that “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?

A

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

63
Q

Why did the other monarchs of Europe threaten to invade France?

A

To prevent the spread of revolution

64
Q

The monarchy was abolished by which French Revolution government?

A

The National Convention

65
Q

Who was the Dictator of France during the Reign of Terror?

A

Maximillian Robespierre

66
Q

Robespierre was in charge of this Committee…

A

Committee on Public Safety

67
Q

Machine that could efficiently behead a person?

A

Guillotine

68
Q

During the Reign of Terror who was safe from the guillotine?

A

No one

69
Q

Name of the third and final French Revolution government…

A

The Directory

70
Q

What is a coup d’etat?

A

Sudden overthrow of the government

71
Q

The Revolution ended when this General took control, promising to restore the nation.

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

72
Q

The Russians defeated Napoleon’s Grand Army by

A

Scorched Earth Policy

73
Q

Which of the following led to more workers being available for factory jobs?

A

19th Century population boom

74
Q

Why did investment in roads, bridges, and canals become important to the Industrial Revolution?

A

It made it less expensive to transport goods

75
Q

Which natural resource, which seemed to have an unlimited supply, powered steam engines?

A

Coal

76
Q

Why did the expansion of the coal industry lead to the production of more machinery?

A

Coal mining led to more iron ore production

77
Q

Why did Britain become the center of the Industrial Revolution in the last 18th Century?

A

Cheap raw materials from its colonies, stronger trade routes around the world, and a rise of investments in factories and industry

78
Q

After 1870, why did the increased use of steel, instead of iron, reinvigorate the Revolution?

A

Lighter, smaller, faster machines and engines, were used in railways, shipbuilding, armaments, and the building of the first skyscrapers

79
Q

In 1876, which of the following inventions was created by Alexander Graham Bell?

A

Telephone

80
Q

Which invention, created by Marconi, reached from the US east coast to the British west coast?

A

Long-distance radio

81
Q

Which invention led to the change from coal to liquid fuels like oil?

A

Internal combustion engine

82
Q

Which method of car production, influenced heavily by Henry Ford, was used in the Revolution?

A

Assembly line production

83
Q

Which of the following was / were a result(s) of the lower cost of manufactured good?

A

Start of department stores.

84
Q

Which 5% of the population controlled 30-40% of all of the wealth?

A

Wealthy elite

85
Q

Which class consisted of 80% of the European population, included peasants and laborers?

A

Working class

86
Q

Why was there a rise in lifestyle for urban workers after 1870?

A

They could afford to buy more than just food and housing.

87
Q

What type(s) of white collar jobs began opening up for women during the Industrial Revolution?

A

Teachers, sales clerk, and nurses

88
Q

Nationalism definition

A

Being a part of a bigger community of like-minded people

89
Q

What organizations formed as an answer to unsafe working conditions & periods of unemployment?

A

Labor Unions

90
Q

Which of the following led to the ability to feed a growing population?

A

New agricultural methods

91
Q

Where was the Industrial Revolution thought to have begun?

A

Britain

92
Q

What is an armistice?

A

An agreement to end fighting

93
Q

What is militarism?

A

the idea that a great nation must have a trained army ready

94
Q

Which nation was blamed for all of WWI?

A

Germany

95
Q

What was Germany forbidden to build or have?

A

Submarines, air force, imported weapons

96
Q

Which nations were excluded from the League of Nations?

A

Germany and Russia

97
Q

Name the three main countries who made up the Allied Powers at the start of the War.

A

France, Russia, and Great Britain

98
Q

What two nations remained neutral during the War?

A

Switzerland and Spain

99
Q

Name three of the main countries who made up the Central Power at the start of the War.

A

Germany, Ottoman Empire, and Austia-Hungary

100
Q

New weapon that causes blindness, blisters, and choking.

A

Poison Gas.

101
Q

Battle strategy in which soldiers fought from deep pits dug in the earth.

A

Trench Warfare

102
Q

The idea of a country taking over a smaller country/territory is known as

A

Imperialism

103
Q

European countries all had ______ that would help them fight.

A

alliances

104
Q

The belief that your nation is better than every other nation is known as ______

A

Nationalism

105
Q

All of the following have historically been considered to be causes of World War I except:

A

American isolationism

106
Q

The event that triggered World War I was an assassination that occurred in:

A

Bosnia

107
Q

The “Big Four” were the leaders of all of the following nations except for

A

Germany

108
Q

Did the United States join the League of Nations

A

No, even though Wilson came up with it

109
Q

The immediate cause of World War I was

A

the assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary

110
Q

All of the following are reasons the U.S. decided to enter World War I in 1917 EXCEPT:

A

the French seized American ships headed for Germany

111
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Zimmerman note?

A

It was “made up” by journalists to help sell papers

112
Q

Wilson’s goals for peace after the war were outlined in a document known as

A

the 14 points

113
Q

Which document imposed punishments on Germany after World War I?

A

Treaty of Versailles

114
Q

What was the main goal of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Punish and weaken Germany.

115
Q

President Woodrow Wilson wanted to form the League of Nations to

A

Prevent future wars

116
Q

What battle made the Schlieffen Plan impossible for the Germans to accomplish?

A

Battle of Marne

117
Q

The Italian Front specifically had conflicts with Italy and

A

Austria-Hungary

118
Q

What is propaganda?

A

The spread of ideas that help one country and hurt another.

119
Q

What British passenger ship was sunk by a German U-boat

A

Lusitania

120
Q

The U.S. involvement in WWI was partly due to its economic and political ties to

A

Great Britian

121
Q

The US entered WWI in what year and was on the side of the ____ Powers

A

1917; Allied

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