History Medicine (part 1 Ancient Greece+ Rome - Renaissance) Flashcards
Who came up with the Four Humours?
Hippocrates
What were the Four Humors?
Blood, Yellow bile, Black bile and Phlegm
If you are healthy what does that suggest?
That all the humors are balanced
What is the Hippocratic oath?
All doctors had to: doctors are not magicians, keep high standards, work for the patient, keep secrets and not to make themselves wealthy
What were the four clinical observations?
Record, observe, diagnose, prognose
What was the healthy regime?
Diet, excise, sleep and if it didn’t wok they would purge you to release access humour
How did Galen expand on Hippocrates theory?
Galen believed that the humours had to be balanced in order to prove you are healthy. Treatment of Opposites.
How would you balance the humors
e.g. if you had too much phlegm then you must take something hot= pepper
Galen disagreed with Hippocrates about what?
Galen believed in surgery whereas
What did Galen prove when he operated on a pig
He proved that the brain controls our body by cutting the nerves in its back and the pig stopped squealing
What did Galen say about surgery?
“Physicians should find out as much as possible from the human body”
When did the Black Death strike in Medieval England
1348
What were 2 symptoms for the Black Death
Nose Bleeds, Buboes-humps on groin and armpit
2 ways people tried to treat the Black Death were?
Herbal remedies and Head in foul smelling bucket of waste.
2 Impacts on the Black Death
1) mass graves, plague pits
2) Priests attempting to heal people
How much of Europe was covered by this plague
1/3
2 cause of the Black Death were?
1) Jews were blamed
2) Humors were unbalanced
What was the period of the Renaissance
1500-1700
What was focused on during this period
Science- the royal society set up in 1660
What was the main medical treatment during the Renaissance
The Four Humors and Bloodletting
What was the understanding of the human body before Vesalius
Basic understanding knowledge which Galen left
Who did Vesalius support
He supported Galen
What did Vesalius prove wrong
Galen’s theory of the blood flowing through invisible holes in the heart
What did Vesalius discover about the human body
organs
What was Vesalius book called
The Fabric of the Human body published- 1543
How many mistakes of Galens did Vesalius correct
200
What was one of the mistakes Galen had made
the Jaw bone is 1 bone not 2
How did Vesalius teach people about anatomy
He did public showcases to teach people anatomy for free
What was the date of the second plague during the Renaissance
1665
one way people tried to stop the disease from spreading was?
putting them into quarantine
How many people died from this plague
100,00
Who discovered about the circulation of the blood
William Harvey
Due to Harvey finding out about the circulation of blood and the heart. whose idea did this go against?
Galens theory of the brain being in control of the body
What date was Harvey’s book written and what was it name
1628, it was called: “An Anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood”
Who was the physician who treated smallpox
Edward Jennar
What did Jennar call his discovery
Vaccination
What did Jennar observe in order to stop small pox
he observed milkmaids and how they got cowpox, which meant that they wouldn’t get smallpox
Who did Jennar test his theory on
James Phipps
How did Jennar prove his theory
By taking some cowpox out of a milk maids arm, called and inserted it into James Phipps arm
What happened when Jennar inserted the smallpox into James Phipps
He did not develop the illness, he developed immunity to Smallpox
Impact of vaccination
This was a way of stopping diseases like smallpox which took 100 years too get rid off
Why did some people refused the idea of vaccination
Jennar did not now how vaccination worked and didn’t know what else it could do, hence side effects could be turning you into a cow.
