History - Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Revolution

Answer 1

It involves a significant change that happens relatively quickly, and affects a large number of people.
It can be political, economic, social or religious, however, often involves a combination of these categories.

Question 2

Laissez-faire Capitalism

Answer 2

(18th early 19th century)
The idea of a totally free market, that opposes any form of government intervention in the economy.

Question 3

Mechanisation

Answer 3

The use of machines to replace human or animal labor.

Question 4

Urbanisation

Answer 4

The movement of people from rural to urban areas.
The process by which rural communities migrate to urban areas to form cities or urban centers.

Question 5

Industrial Revolution

Answer 5

A period of economic, social and political change, characterised by mechanisation, urbanisation and the mass production/consumption of goods. It first began in England in the mid 18th century, when cottage industries gave way to factories.

Question 6

James Arkwright

Answer 6

Devised a spinning machine. Replacing human labor the water frame made it possible to spin cotton yarn more quickly and in greater quantities that ever before.

Question 7

Robert Bakewell

Answer 7

Began selective breeding of sheep and cattle. Only the largest and strongest were mated. Different breeds of sheep for the best wool and meat.

Question 8

Hurrier

Answer 8

Those who pulled the coal in the cart using a harness

Question 9

Trapper

Answer 9

Worked underground with the job of opening and closing wooden trapdoor to allow fresh air to flow throughout the mine.
Often the youngest member of the family.

Question 10

Agrarian Revolution

Answer 10

Outlines specific periods in human civilisation when farming techniques drastically improved the mass cultivation of crops within a relatively short period of time.

Question 11

Fallow

Answer 11

Land left unplanted

Question 12

Subsistence Farming

Answer 12

Farming that provides only enough to satisfy the basic needs of life of the farmer of community.

Question 13

(Charles) Turnip Townshend

Answer 13

Introduced the four-field system as the open fields were enclosed. This helped produce better crops.

Question 14

Jethro Tull

Answer 14

Developed a horse-drawn seed drill, that could plant three rows of seed at a time. Produced five times bigger crop for the same area of land than before

Question 15

Corve

Answer 15

A cart/basket used to hold coal

Question 16

Enclosure

Answer 16

Consolidation of open and common land into single farms owned by only the farmer/landowner and fenced off from neighboring farms

Question 17

3 Major changes in Agriculture

Answer 17

1. Enclosure of open fields
2. Adaption of new farming techniques
3. Change to a more business-orientated approach to farming.

Question 18

Advantages of the Agrarian Revolution

Answer 18

• Better crop yields
• Greater diversity of wheat & vegetables
• Ability to support more livestock
• Population became more nourished and healthy

Question 19

Disadvantages of Open field system (1)

Answer 19

Inefficiency
- 1/3 of the land was left unplanted
- Pathways separating land were not used for crops
- Time was wasted when farmers maintained strips across fields

Question 20

Disadvantages of Open field system (2)

Answer 20

Weed and animals diseases spread easily from sharing available land

Question 21

Disadvantages of Open field system (3)

Answer 21

Little opportunity to try new crops and methods as people had to grow the same crops and work together