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0.1 Perspectives in Pharmacy > History *in progress > Flashcards

History *in progress Flashcards

1
Q

belief before the dawn of history

A

“sickness is caused by evil forces”

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2
Q

belief before the dawn of history

A

“sickness is a punishment from the Gods”

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3
Q

beliefs before the dawn of history

A

there are recorded practices of this (popularity of shamans, herbolarios, and priests)

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4
Q

remedy before the dawn of history

A

“offer sacrifices like food and prayers”

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5
Q

remedy practice before the dawn of history

A

prayers may be spoken softly or as incantation (either sung or very personally engrossed)

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6
Q

remedy practice before the dawn of history

A

incantation is sometimes accompanied by dancing or significantly loud as to be heard by the gods

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7
Q

remedy before the dawn of history

A

use of natural resources like plants, mud, other minerals, or even animal parts

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8
Q

history periods of pharmacy

A

Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modern Europe

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9
Q

first history period of pharmacy

A

Antiquity

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10
Q

Ancient Babylon

A

under Antiquity

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11
Q

Babylon

A

is an empire and the center of Mesopotamian civilization for nearly 2 millenniums

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12
Q

Babylon

A

is located about 66 miles to 100 kilometers south of Baghdad in modern day Iraq

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13
Q

modern day Iraq

A

was the ancient city of Babylon

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14
Q

Babylon

A

jewel of ancient Mesopotamia

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15
Q

Babylon

A

cradle of civilization

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16
Q

Babylon

A

has the earliest known record of practice of the art of apothecary

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17
Q

Babylon Practitioners

A

2600 BC

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18
Q

Babylon Practitioners

A

priests, pharmacists, and physicians (all in one)

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19
Q

Ancient Babylon

A

priests were important members of the King’s group or the royal group in general

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20
Q

Clay Tablets of Mesopotamia

A

under Ancient Babylon (Antiquity)

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21
Q

Clay Tablets of Mesopotamia

A

800 Tablets

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22
Q

Clay Tablets of Mesopotamia

A

thin mud paperlike medical texts

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23
Q

Clay Tablets of Mesopotamia

A

record of the symptoms of illness, the prescription and directions for compounding, then an invocation to the gods

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24
Q

Clay Tablets of Mesopotamia

A

prescriptions contain the formula of medicine with different ingredients and respective quantities

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25
Q

Clay Tablets of Mesopotamia

A

contains the different prayers

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26
Q

Ancient China

A

under Antiquity

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27
Q

Shen Nung

A

2000 BC

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28
Q

Shen Nung

A

under Ancient China (Antiquity)

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29
Q

Shen Nung

A

Father of Chinese Pharmaceutics

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30
Q

Shen Nung

A

emperor who investigated the medicinal value of herbs

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31
Q

Shen Nung

A

tasted more than 800 herbs

32
Q

Shen Nung

A

wrote a book entitled Pen Ts’ao

33
Q

Pen Ts’ao

A

The Botanical Basis of Pharmacy

34
Q

Pen Ts’ao

A

native herbals

35
Q

Pen Ts’ao

A

recording 365 drugs

36
Q

Pen Ts’ao

A

many of the medicinal plants included here are still recognized in pharmacy practice today

37
Q

Podophyllum, Rhubarb, Ginseng, Stramonium, Cinnamon Bark, and Ma Huang or Ephreda

A

some medicinal plants included in Pen Ts’ao still recognized today

38
Q

Podophyllum

A

laxative

39
Q

Rhubarb

A

laxative

40
Q

Ginseng

A

antioxidant; for erectile dysfunction

41
Q

Stramonium

A

anti-cough; bronchial asthma

42
Q

Cinnamon Bark

A

vehicle of medicaments; solubilizing agent

43
Q

Ma Huang or Ephedra

A

anti-cough; bronchial asthma

44
Q

Lao Tzu

A

500 BC

45
Q

Lao Tzu

A

under Ancient China (Antiquity)

46
Q

Lao Tzu

A

a Taoist & natural philosopher

47
Q

Lao Tzu

A

associated with complementary medicine

48
Q

Lao Tzu

A

author of The Way

49
Q

Lao Tzu

A

promoted concept of health and prosperity through awareness and observance of natural cosmic cycles

50
Q

Lao Tzu

A

advocated Qi (energy)

51
Q

Qi (energy)

A

balance of Yin and Yang

52
Q

Qi (energy)

A

now known as complementary medicine

53
Q

Ancient Egypt

A

under Antiquity

54
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

under Ancient Egypt (Antiquity)

55
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

1500 BC

56
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

made during the civilization in ancient northeast africa

57
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

oldest, best known and most important pharmaceutical record

58
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

written in a thin piece tablet

59
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

21 yards (60 feet) long

60
Q

Papyrus Ebers

A

contains 800 prescriptions and 700 drugs in total (with preparation and formulas)

61
Q

Egyptian preparations

A

gargles, suppositories, inhalations, poultices, ointments

62
Q

Biblical Records

A

1200 BC

63
Q

Biblical Records

A

under Antiquity

64
Q

Biblical Records

A

where to find the recordings of medicinal plants used in the Bible

65
Q

Biblical Record

A

Book of Sirach

66
Q

Book of Sirach

A

where to find the creation of medicines by God

67
Q

Biblical Record

A

Genesis

68
Q

Genesis

A

where to find the classification of myrrh as astringent, carminative, and protectant

69
Q

Biblical Record

A

Exodus

70
Q

Exodus

A

where to find the mention of olibanum (frankincense)

71
Q

olibanum

A

frankincense

72
Q

olibanum

A

gift of the three kings who went to look for baby Jesus

73
Q

Ancient Greece

A

under Antiquity

74
Q

Hippocrates

A

460 BC

75
Q

Hippocrates

A

under Ancient Greece (Antiquity)

76
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of Medicine

77
Q

ancient turkey

A

under antiquity

0.1 Perspectives in Pharmacy (4 decks)

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