History flash cards

Question 1

Magna Carta What is it?

Answer 1

The Magna Carta was the first document to limit the English king’s power

Question 2

What did the Magna Carta do?

Answer 2

Limited ability to tax without consent (the people’s approval),
Protected citizens private property,
Guaranteed the right to a trial by jury

Question 3

When was the Magna Carta written?

Answer 3

Written in 1215

Question 4

Colonial Self-Government, legislature

Answer 4

Colonists expected a voice in the government like the english got from the Magna Carta
By 1760, every colony had a legislature,
Lawmaking branch of government,
The king appointed his own governors to each colon

Question 5

Legislature definition

Answer 5

lawmaking branch of government

Question 6

Colonial rights

Answer 6

Colonists expected the same rights as the English:
Freedom of the press,
Right of journalists to publish truth no restrictions or punishments,
Right to vote Land owning white men only could vote at the time

Question 7

Trade

Answer 7

The english passed the Navigation Acts to support mercantilism
Shipments from colonies went through England on English ships
Sometimes only England had access to the products like tobacco and sugar

Question 8

Colonial Frustrations

Answer 8

Colonists often felt the Navigation Acts benefited the English and limited how much money colonial merchants could make
Some people started smuggling
Illegally trading things for the Navigation Acts

Question 9

Start of the French and Indian War

Answer 9

1740s- british settlers (from virginia) move into french territory
1753- French build forts to reclaim their land
George Washington leads the first militia to fight against the French

Question 10

Gathering an army

Answer 10

The british hoped to make an alliances with the Iroquois
A native american tribe
But they said no because they thought French would win
Many native american groups helped the French against the British
Colonial leaders asked each colony to unify and help the war, but the local governments wanted control of their own armies and taxes

Question 11

The war ends

Answer 11

The British colonies started off losing, but after switching sights to Quebec (the capital) they forced France to surrender.
France and England were still beefing in Europe after this war .
Colonists felt more unified than ever before.

Question 12

Taxes after the French and Indian War

Answer 12

Britain went into a lot of debt to win the french and indian war
To make the money back they taxed the colonists instead of their own citizens in England

Question 13

Navigation Acts

Answer 13

Shipments from colonies went through England on English ships
Sometimes only england had access to the products like tobacco and sugar
Colonists often felt the Navigation Acts benefited the English, and limited how much colonial merchants could make
Some people restored to smuggling or illegally trading goods

Question 14

Sugar Act (1764)

Answer 14

After the French and Indian war, to make money back Britain passed the Sugar Act and the Quartering Act
The Sugar Act was a tax on molasses
The colonists main source of sweetener

Question 15

Quartering Act (1765)

Answer 15

This was the other act the British passed to make money back after the French and Indian war
To save money for Britain, colonists had to feed and house British soldiers
Violation of rights

Question 16

Stamp Act, Boycott (1765)

Answer 16

Colonists had to buy tax stamps to put on paper goods
Newspapers, playing cards, contracts, legal documents
Huge pushback, colonists organized boycotts against British goods
Refused to buy certain products
It worked
The king took down the law

Question 17

Townshend Acts (1767)

Answer 17

Britain would tax all products brought into the colonies
Allowed officials to search for illegal goods without telling the colonists what they were looking for
Tried to weaken colonial governments
Again, a boycott that worked
Britain repealed all the acts except the tea act

Question 18

Boston Massacre What happened? Why? ( March 5, 1770)

Answer 18

An angry group of colonists surrounded a small group of soldiers, yelling and throwing snowballs at them
The soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 5 and wounding 6
People were very angry

Question 19

Tea Act (1773)

Answer 19

British East India Company gets a monopoly on tea sold in the colonies
This means they had complete control and the colonists could only buy from them
British East India Company is Britain’s most important company
Tea was cheaper, but colonists were mad because:
Colonial merchants selling Dutch tea couldn’t compete with the price ( meaning they couldn’t sell it anymore)
Colonists still had a tea tax

Question 20

Boston Tea Party What happened? Why?

Answer 20

The sons of liberty
A secret political organization that fought against British taxes organized a massive protest against the Tea Act
Dressed as Native Americans, the dumped 342 cases of tea into the boston harbor
The tea they dumped was worth 1000s of dollars

Question 21

Intolerable

Answer 21

can not be tolerated/accepted/endured

Question 22

Coerce

Answer 22

force someone to do something ( an unwilling person) by using force or threats

Question 23

The intolerable acts/ coercive acts ( 1774): What was the first act?

Answer 23

The Boston Port Act
Royal navy shut down Boston Harbor until the Bostonians paid the British East India Company for all the lost tea
Britain wanted to regain the lost money and snow authority over the rebellious Boston
No imports or exports meant Boston’s local economy very bad, colonists began to starve without food and supplies shipping in

Question 24

What was the second intolerable act?

Answer 24

The Massachusetts Government Act
The Massachusetts council was appointed by the king
Britain wanted to show the colonists that they were in charge and had more control over Massachusetts
The colonists saw this as Britain striping them of their right to representation by their own elected officials

Question 25

What was the third intolerable act?

Answer 25

Act for the Imperial Administration of Justice
The royalty appointed, governor her of Massachusett could move a trial of any royal official to another colony or Great Britain if he thought they would not get a fair trial
This is another way to assert (show) British authority while protecting British officials and making their trials more favorable
This removed the right to a fair trial by one’s peers, and colonists called it the “Murdering Act” worried that British officials could get away with murder

Question 26

What was the fourth intolerable act?

Answer 26

The Quartering Act
British military officials could demand for and housing for soldiers
They wanted troops closer to colonists so they could spy on them
This impacts all the colonies not just Massachusetts Bay
The colonists didn’t like having the British military in their lives
The colonists weren’t unified anymore
It was for all the colonies

Question 27

How did the British think they were responding?

Answer 27

They enacted ( made a law; put into practice) what they called the Coercive Acts
Wanted to punish Massachusetts Bay, stop the rebellion, and assert authority over all colonies to coerce them into obeying
Each act targeted different parts of the colonial life
The economy (first act)
The representation (second act)
The right to a fair trial ( third act)
The military presence in the colonies ( fourth act)

Question 28

Why did the Americans call these Intolerable Acts?

Answer 28

The Americans called these the Intolerable Acts because they were unacceptable
These were the last straw

Question 29

The First Continental Congress

Answer 29

Colonist from every colony (accept Georgia) met in Philadelphia in 1774 to discuss how to respond to the Intolerable Acts
They demanded British repeal, undo, the acts
Britain said no

Question 30

Lexington and Concord

Answer 30

Colonists organized minutemen units - groups of citizens-soldiers ready to fight with short notice
They stored weapons in Concord, British troops came to take them away
Paul Revere shouted “ The British are coming!”
Allowed minutemen to gather in time

Question 31

Patriot

Answer 31

colonist who supported independence from Britain

Question 32

Loyalist

Answer 32

colonist who supported the British king

Question 33

The shot heard around the world

Answer 33

In Lexington, (close to Concord)
British troops demanded the minutemen to leave
They said no, and someone (no one knows who or which side) fired a shot
A battle broke out and a bigger one in Concord later
The patriots managed to beat the soldiers from Concord
The soldiers wanted to do back to Boston because there were more soldiers there

Question 34

Who was Declaration of Independence written by?

Answer 34

Thomas Jefferson

Question 35

What is the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 35

It’s a piece of writing that explained why the colonists were breaking free from British rule

Question 36

When was the Declaration of Independence written?

Answer 36

July 4, 1776

Question 37

Where was the Declaration of Independence written?

Answer 37

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Question 38

Why was the Declaration of Independence important?

Answer 38

Important because changed reason for fitting
Patriots weren’t fighting for better treatment
They were instead fighting to create a new nation that would protect their rights

Question 39

Preamble

Answer 39

The introduction that declares natural rights all people have ( white men at the time)

Question 40

List of Grievances

Answer 40

27 complaints against King George III
The king at the time

Question 41

Conclusion

Answer 41

Finally- declaring independence
Response to the Declaration of Independence

Question 42

What was the response to the Declaration of Independence from the king?

Answer 42

King George III rejected this declaration he declared war to keep them under British rule