history finallll Flashcards
uhm im tired is 3 hours enough
A series of laws passed in the 1930s to prevent U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts, including banning arms sales and loans to nations at war.
Neutrality Acts
A 1938 meeting where British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, French Premier Édouard Daladier, Adolf Hitler, and Italian leader Benito Mussolini agreed to allow Nazi Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia, in exchange for a promise of no further territorial expansion.
Munich Conference
A diplomatic policy of making concessions to avoid conflict, often associated with the Munich Conference and used to describe Western powers’ approach to Nazi Germany.
Appeasement
A 1939 agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in which both countries pledged not to attack each other, facilitating the German invasion of Poland.
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
A 1941 U.S. law that allowed the U.S. to send military aid to Allied countries during WWII without direct involvement in the war.
Lend-Lease Act
A 1941 meeting between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to outline post-war goals and establish the Atlantic Charter, a set of principles for international cooperation.
Atlantic Conference
A surprise military attack by Japan on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, leading the U.S. to enter World War II.
Pearl Harbor
The secret U.S. project during World War II to develop the atomic bomb.
Manhattan Project
A period (1941-1970) in which millions of African Americans moved from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West for better job opportunities and to escape segregation.
2nd Great Migration
A 1942-1964 agreement allowing Mexican laborers to work temporarily in the U.S. to fill labor shortages, particularly in agriculture.
Bracero Program
Native American soldiers who used the Navajo language to create an unbreakable code during WWII, contributing to the success of U.S. military operations.
Navajo Code Talkers
Forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans during WWII, particularly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, in the U.S. due to fears of espionage.
Japanese Internment Camps
Major meetings during WWII, including the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, where Allied leaders discussed post-war plans.
World War II Conferences
A nuclear weapon developed during WWII and used by the U.S. to drop on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan’s surrender.
Atomic Bomb
A 1947 policy declaring U.S. support for countries resisting communism, marking the start of the Cold War containment strategy
Truman Doctrine
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, formed in 1949, is a military alliance between the U.S., Canada, and several European countries to counter Soviet influence during the Cold War.
NATO
A U.S. program that provided economic aid to Western Europe after WWII to help rebuild and prevent the spread of communism.
Marshall Plan
A 1948-1949 operation where the U.S. and its allies supplied West Berlin with food and fuel during the Soviet blockade.
Berlin Airlift
the founding father of the People’s Republic of China, led the Chinese Communist Party to victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
Mao
A 1964 resolution giving President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization to use military force in Vietnam, leading to greater U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The communist leader of North Vietnam, who led the country during the Vietnam War against the U.S.-backed South Vietnam.
Ho Chi Minh
A conflict (1950-1953) between communist North Korea, supported by China and the Soviet Union, and non-communist South Korea, supported by the U.S. and United Nations.
Korean War
A prolonged conflict (1955-1975) in which North Vietnam, backed by communist allies, fought against South Vietnam, supported by the U.S.
Vietnam War
An American diplomat and historian who developed the concept of “containment,” which guided U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
George Kennan
A Cold War strategy aimed at preventing the spread of communism by providing political, military, and economic support to countries resisting Soviet influence.
Containment
A period in the early 1950s when Senator Joseph McCarthy led efforts to root out alleged communists in the U.S. government and society, often through unfounded accusations.
McCarthyism
A period of fear and suspicion of communism in the U.S., particularly during the early Cold War years.
Red Scare
A landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education
A 1946 U.S. Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation on interstate buses unconstitutional.
Morgan v. Virginia
A group of African American students who, in 1957, were the first to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, under federal protection.
The Little Rock Nine
A 1955-1956 protest against racial segregation on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama, sparked by Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white man.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Commissioner of Public Safety in Birmingham, Alabama, known for his violent tactics against civil rights demonstrators in the 1960s.
Bull Connor
Domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960s to eliminate poverty and racial injustice, including Medicare, Medicaid, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
LBJ’s Great Society Programs
A 1960s student activist organization that advocated for social change and greater participation in politics, often associated with the New Left.
Students for a Democratic Society
A chaotic event in Chicago, where protests against the Vietnam War and political divisions within the Democratic Party led to widespread unrest.
1968 Democratic National Convention
A 1968 incident during the Vietnam War in which U.S. soldiers killed hundreds of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians, leading to widespread public outrage.
My Lai Massacre
A 1971 leak of classified government documents revealing that the U.S. had misled the public and Congress about the Vietnam War, leading to a major political scandal.
Pentagon Papers
A period of easing tensions during the Cold War, particularly in the 1970s, marked by arms control agreements between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.
Détente
A political scandal in the 1970s involving the Nixon administration’s cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, leading to President Nixon’s resignation.
Watergate
A 1973 Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion nationwide, ruling that state laws banning abortion were unconstitutional.
Roe v. Wade
