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History us 1 > HISTORY final vocab > Flashcards

HISTORY final vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Eli Whitney

A

invented the cotton gin, started idea of interchangeable parts

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2
Q

interchangeable parts

A

parts that are exactly the same

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3
Q

mass production

A

in large quantities

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4
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

began in europe. Used power from flowing streams and burning coal in machinery to mass produce goods. People who got rich by this built more factories. Domestic industry.

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5
Q

cotton gin

A

helped South, making it possible to clean long-staple cotton, met high demands

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6
Q

Henry Clay

A

House Speaker, introduced American system

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7
Q

American System

A

North made goods for South, South grew food. National currency. Improved transportation network. Made America independent.

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8
Q

National Road

A

from Cumberland, MD to Vandalia IL

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9
Q

Erie Canal

A

“Big Ditch” linked Lake Erie (Great Lakes) to Hudson River (Atlantic Ocean)

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10
Q

Tariff of 1816

A

Tax on import. equalized foreign product with American. More bought domestic goods, paid for roads, canals etc.

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11
Q

John Quincy Adams

A

Security, nationalism, worked out treaty with GB. Settle Rush-Bagot Treaty to share Oregon Territory with GB.

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12
Q

nationalism

A

national interests are more important than regional

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13
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A

Americans assumed Florida would become US. 1819, Spain gives it to US with Oregon Territory.

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14
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

European powers wanted colonies back, made trading posts. Prez Monroe warned other nations not to interfere.

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15
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

US had 10 free&slave states. Illinois was 11th FREE, Americans assumed Missouri to join as 11th SLAVE. Alabama was added instead. Temporarily solved by admitting Maine 11th FREE and Missouri. RESERVED BALANCE. rest of Louisiana Territory split in two, slave/free

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16
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

Portrayed as humble: actually wealthy. won by a landslide. Practiced spoils system, formed Cabinet by replacing fed. workers with friends. Forced natives off land.

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17
Q

Democratic-Republican Party

A

Jacksonians thought Adams was stealing presidency, left to form this.

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18
Q

spoils system

A

officials fire workers and replace them with friends/Jacksonians. “kitchen cabinet”

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19
Q

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A

Jackson believed only solution was move natives west. Fed. gov. funded negotiation of treaties. 90 were signed. For pres, based on rights of states to govern within boundaries.

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20
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Cherokee sent west on 800 mile trip in groups of 1000. By steamboat, railroad and foot. Many died, money taken by gov. officials, stolen livestock. more than 1/4 buried.

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21
Q

Daniel Webster

A

Ran twice in pres. election, lost. Wanted to reintroduce SBUS

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22
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

Jackson’s VP. Opponent of Webster. Improved army. National spokesman. Home state (SC) failed, devised nullification theory- questioned legality of fed. laws in states.

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23
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A

Reduced Brit exports to US, forced South to buy more expensive US goods.

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24
Q

Bank of US

A

20 year charter about to expire. Henry Clay and Webster want to renew it. Jackson voted against it. Jacksonians thought all fed. tax revenues went here, not state. Stockholders earned interest.

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25
Q

Whig Party

A

Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster AGAINST JACKSON. Backed American system and fed. control of banking Use fed. $ to pay transportation.

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26
Q

Martin Van Buren

A

Inherited problems from Jackson. Reduced fed. spending. Prices went down. tried independent treasury (made worse)

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27
Q

Panic of 1837

A

Pet banks print excess bank notes from gold. Jackson makes only gold and silver payment. Banks stopped accepting paper currency, people lost life savings, 1/3 unemployed

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28
Q

William Henry Harrison

A

whig. Died 1 month after inauguration as pres

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29
Q

John Tyler

A

opposed whigs.

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30
Q

Charles Grandison Finney

A

Preacher. Participated in Second Great Awakening, conducted revivals.

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31
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

religious movement. Individual responsibility for salvation. Improve themselves. Christianity to slaves.

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32
Q

revival

A

gatherings of 20,000. Studied bible, heard preachings. 4-5 days. More joined church

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33
Q

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A

writer, led group to practice transcendentalism

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34
Q

transcendentalism

A

simple life, truth in nation, emotion, imagination. optimism, freedom, self reliance

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35
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

Used Emerson’s idea, lived 2 yrs alone in cabin

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36
Q

civil disobedience

A

conscience telling not to obey laws, peacefully refused

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37
Q

utopian community

A

Perfect place, wanted self-sufficiency. short lasting

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38
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Got law passed to improve conditions for mentally ill, begin to set up public hospitals for them (rehab)

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39
Q

abolition

A

to outlaw slavery

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40
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

white abolitionist. Wrote to deliver emancipation, founded American Anti-slavery Society. Hated by proslavery whites. Attacked churches.

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41
Q

emancipation

A

freeing of slaves, no payment to slaveholders

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42
Q

David Walker

A

free black, fight for freedom

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43
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

escaped slave. Lecturer for Garrison. Wrote “north Star” (newspaper)

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44
Q

Nat Turner

A

believed he had to lead people out of bondage. with 80, attacked 4 plantations, killed 60 whites. Tried, hanged. 200 blacks killed. Southern whites had to control slaves more.

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45
Q

antebellum

A

pre civil war South

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46
Q

gag rule

A

limits debate on an issue.

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47
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton&Lucretia Mott

A

Helped hold Women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, Mott helped runaway slaves

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48
Q

cult of domesticity

A

customs of a woman: marriage,housework, childcare

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49
Q

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

A

collected petitions against slavery, ran school for women

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50
Q

temperance movement

A

to prohibit drinking (churches)

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51
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

300 women gathered, encouraged women to be independent

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52
Q

Sojourner Truth

A

spiritual slave, dedicated to pacifism, traveled country for abolition purposes

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53
Q

cottage industry

A

women and children did work, made product at home, sold to manufacturer.

54
Q

master-journeyman-apprentice

A

most experienced artisan-employed by <-young worker learning craft

55
Q

strike

A

demand went up, conditions poor, strict rules. Lost to owners but struck again after wage decreases

56
Q

National Traders’ Union

A

Unions=federations. opposed by bankers and owners.

57
Q

capitalism

A

private businesses make production to make profit

58
Q

Sam F.B. Morse

A

made telegraph, helped transportation and business

59
Q

specialization

A

more industry. workers spent $on others’ goods. From self-sufficiency to this. raising 1 or 2 cash crops.

60
Q

market revolution

A

people buy and sell good.

61
Q

John Deere/Cyrus McCormick

A

invented steel plow/mechanical reaper eased farming process

62
Q

manifest destiny

A

belief movement westward was ordained by God

63
Q

Treaty of Fort Laramie

A

settlers moved west, natives attacked. Natives signed not to attack, US gave lands back, make payments.

64
Q

Santa Fe Trail (Missouri-NM)

A

missouri traders for tradING OBJECTS.

65
Q

Oregon Trail (Missouri-Oregon)

A

Methodists went to set up mission schools, convert Natives. many died from fever, diarrhea.

66
Q

Mormons

A

went west. Held ownership of resources among people

67
Q

Joseph Smith

A

Mormon, moved west after making Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints. Jailed for treason and murdered by anti mormons

68
Q

Fifty Four Forty or Fight!

A

GB and USA agreed to extend US boundary west from Rockies to Puget Sound

69
Q

Stephen F. Austin

A

led american settlers to Brazos River

70
Q

land grants

A

mexico didn’t want to be robbed, attacked by Natives in Texas. Invited Americans for protection. Obeyed Mexican law, religion.

71
Q

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

A

took over Mexican gov. went to San Antonia with 400 men.

72
Q

Texas Revolution

A

Austin wanted self-gov. for Texas. rebellions after local powers revoked.

73
Q

Alamo

A

Santa anna wanted Texas to obey laws, went to san antonio with 4000 soldiers. Texans armed themselves, attacked, Mexico counterattacked killing all us defenders

74
Q

Sam Houston

A

led Texans defeat over Mexico at Battle of Jacinto. Texans kill 630 Mexicans in 18 mins- capture Santa Anna=Republic of Texas

75
Q

annex

A

incorporate into US. South agreed for more slaves. North did not for tipping balance. Texas becomes part of the union

76
Q

James K. Polk

A

“Napoleon of the Stump” sent person to Mexico to purchase Cali and NM. Recognized state of war. Information held back. Scheme with Santa Anna to stop war, was betrayed

77
Q

General Zachary Taylor

A

Blockade Rio Grande, started skirmish w/ Mexico. “Old Rough and Ready” Captured Monterrey, got Rio as border.

78
Q

Colonel Stephen Kearny

A

From ft. Lauderdale to Santa Fe “LONG MARCHER” got NM without shots

79
Q

Republic of Cali

A

US settlers to seize town of Sonoma, flag with grizzly bear, declared independence from Mex

80
Q

Winfield Scott

A

“Old Fuss&Feathers” captured Veracruz&Mex City, won all battles

81
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Rio Grande as border,$15 million to Mexico for Cali,NM,Arizona,Utah,Colorado and wyoming. Mexicans here guaranteed us rights

82
Q

Gadsden Purchase

A

James Gadsden buys more land making current borders

83
Q

gold rush/forty niners

A

gold in cali, these are people who moved west

84
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Cali,Utah&NM closed to slavery forever. North supported, south declined. More power to the North.

85
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

made by Henry Clay. Calhoun:states over fed. rights. Webster:not to extend slavery. Cali admitted as free state, texas/nm boundary fight resolved. $10million to Texas. Sale of slaves banned in dc. Fugitive slave act. Utah/nm popular sovereignty

86
Q

popular sovereignty

A

residents vote on slavery

87
Q

stephen a. Douglas

A

“little Giant” got Compromise passed by reintroducing each act at a time

88
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Fugitives not allowed to trial, no testify. All had to return slaves. $10 to return a slave, $1000 fine for helping a slave, 6mon. jail

89
Q

personal liberty laws

A

violent people to help slaves. forbid jailing runaways, right to trial. Slave owners mad

90
Q

Underground Railroad

A

secret network of getting slaves north. traveled at night , hidden in secret tunnels. avoided patrols, without food for several days

91
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Born slave, became strong, ran for freedom, became conductor in Underground Railroad, helped 300 slaves escape.

92
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

hated slavery, wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

93
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

Mr and ms shelby sell Uncle tom and harry two slaves and it shows their journey

94
Q

Kansas- Nebraska Act

A

Nebraska (north)Kansas(south) repealed Missouri Compromise, popular sovereignty for both.

95
Q

John Brown

A

believed God wanted him to fight slavery. thought slaves killed in Lawrence, attacked in Pottawattomie Massacre :tried and hanged

96
Q

nativism

A

favor native-born Americans not immigrants,

97
Q

Know-Nothing Party

A

formed by nativists, secret handshakes, passwords

98
Q

Free Soil Party

A

didn’t want expansion of slavery for racist reasons

99
Q

Republican Party

A

North Whigs, antislavery Democrats,Free Soilers. opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act. support from diverse groups.

100
Q

Fort Sumter

A

SC. Union. Lincoln abandoned it. Start of war, union lost

101
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

Union had to conquer south.1.Union blockades south ports.2.split confed. in two 3.capture Richmond (capital)

102
Q

Bull Run

A

inexperienced. 25 miles from capital. Confeds forced Union to retreat.

103
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

General Thomas J. Jackson nickname, died in battle by pneumonia.

104
Q

George McClellan

A

led Union army. “army of Potomac” did not attack. fought against Richard Lee. Fired by Lincoln

105
Q

Ulysses S. Grant

A

Head of Union. Captured 2 confed forts. “Unconditional Surrender”

106
Q

Shiloh

A

Church, Confeds surprised Union, shot in bed, Union counterattacked and won, taught both sides to send out scouts,dig trenches and build forts.

107
Q

David G. Farragut

A

ship commander. seized New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Natchez

108
Q

Monitor&Merrimack

A

Ironclads.

109
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

commander of Confed for VA. Won Seven days’ battle. won Second Battle of bull run

110
Q

Antietam

A

bloodiest single day battle. Stand off, south retreated

111
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Lincoln hated slavery. let army free slaves not immediately. not to occupied territory. gave war a moral purpose. Confeds. outraged

112
Q

habeus corpus

A

court order requires trial. suspended by lincoln.confed sympathizers arrested without trial.

113
Q

Copperheads

A

north democrats wanted peace w/south. “poisonous snake”

114
Q

conscription

A

draft forcing certain people to army. could pay $300 to get out.

115
Q

Fort Pillow

A

black massacre of over 200 prisoners, some whites

116
Q

income tax

A

citizen’s pay went to gov.

117
Q

Clara Barton

A

Union nurse “angel of the battlefield”

118
Q

Andersonville

A

worst confed. prison. stuffed prisoners, no shelter drank from sewer.

119
Q

Gettysburg

A

three day battle. “turning point of civil war” lee never invaded north again.

120
Q

Chancellorsville

A

south wins. but stonewall gets shot by own men

121
Q

Vicksburg

A

Mississippi. starved out, split confed in two

122
Q

Gettysburg Address

A

ceremony by lincoln. “remade america” People said US is not are

123
Q

William Tecumseh Sherman

A

union. believed in total war. marched through Georgia path of destruction, made south sick of war. Took Savannah, helped Grant ‘wipe out lee’

124
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A

VA lee and grant meet to arrange Confed. surrender WAR OVER

125
Q

13th Amendment

A

constitutional amendment abolishing slavery.

126
Q

American Red Cross

A

founded by Clara Barton

127
Q

John Wilkes Booth

A

actor, southern sympathizer.killed Lincoln. escaped, trapped in tobacco barn, forced to surrender, was shot

128
Q

Sitting Bull

A

leader of Sioux tribe. had vision of natives getting killed. took refuge in canada, forced to surrender. killed by police

129
Q

George A. Custer

A

reported Black Hills had gold, died in battle with Crazy Horse, Gall and Sitting Bull

130
Q

assimilation

A

natives give up beliefs, become part of whites

131
Q

Dawes Act

A

to Americanize the natives. broke up reservations. sell land to settlers. natives got no $

132
Q

Battle of wounded Knee

A

custer’s old regiment gathered 350 Sioux, wanted all their weapons, 300 unarmed died

History us 1 (4 decks)

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