Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History us 1 > HISTORY final vocab > Flashcards

HISTORY final vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Eli Whitney

A

invented the cotton gin, started idea of interchangeable parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

interchangeable parts

A

parts that are exactly the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mass production

A

in large quantities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

began in europe. Used power from flowing streams and burning coal in machinery to mass produce goods. People who got rich by this built more factories. Domestic industry.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cotton gin

A

helped South, making it possible to clean long-staple cotton, met high demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Henry Clay

A

House Speaker, introduced American system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

American System

A

North made goods for South, South grew food. National currency. Improved transportation network. Made America independent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

National Road

A

from Cumberland, MD to Vandalia IL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Erie Canal

A

“Big Ditch” linked Lake Erie (Great Lakes) to Hudson River (Atlantic Ocean)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tariff of 1816

A

Tax on import. equalized foreign product with American. More bought domestic goods, paid for roads, canals etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

John Quincy Adams

A

Security, nationalism, worked out treaty with GB. Settle Rush-Bagot Treaty to share Oregon Territory with GB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nationalism

A

national interests are more important than regional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A

Americans assumed Florida would become US. 1819, Spain gives it to US with Oregon Territory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

European powers wanted colonies back, made trading posts. Prez Monroe warned other nations not to interfere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

US had 10 free&slave states. Illinois was 11th FREE, Americans assumed Missouri to join as 11th SLAVE. Alabama was added instead. Temporarily solved by admitting Maine 11th FREE and Missouri. RESERVED BALANCE. rest of Louisiana Territory split in two, slave/free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

Portrayed as humble: actually wealthy. won by a landslide. Practiced spoils system, formed Cabinet by replacing fed. workers with friends. Forced natives off land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Democratic-Republican Party

A

Jacksonians thought Adams was stealing presidency, left to form this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spoils system

A

officials fire workers and replace them with friends/Jacksonians. “kitchen cabinet”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A

Jackson believed only solution was move natives west. Fed. gov. funded negotiation of treaties. 90 were signed. For pres, based on rights of states to govern within boundaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Cherokee sent west on 800 mile trip in groups of 1000. By steamboat, railroad and foot. Many died, money taken by gov. officials, stolen livestock. more than 1/4 buried.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Daniel Webster

A

Ran twice in pres. election, lost. Wanted to reintroduce SBUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

Jackson’s VP. Opponent of Webster. Improved army. National spokesman. Home state (SC) failed, devised nullification theory- questioned legality of fed. laws in states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A

Reduced Brit exports to US, forced South to buy more expensive US goods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bank of US

A

20 year charter about to expire. Henry Clay and Webster want to renew it. Jackson voted against it. Jacksonians thought all fed. tax revenues went here, not state. Stockholders earned interest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Whig Party
Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster AGAINST JACKSON. Backed American system and fed. control of banking Use fed. $ to pay transportation.
26
Martin Van Buren
Inherited problems from Jackson. Reduced fed. spending. Prices went down. tried independent treasury (made worse)
27
Panic of 1837
Pet banks print excess bank notes from gold. Jackson makes only gold and silver payment. Banks stopped accepting paper currency, people lost life savings, 1/3 unemployed
28
William Henry Harrison
whig. Died 1 month after inauguration as pres
29
John Tyler
opposed whigs.
30
Charles Grandison Finney
Preacher. Participated in Second Great Awakening, conducted revivals.
31
Second Great Awakening
religious movement. Individual responsibility for salvation. Improve themselves. Christianity to slaves.
32
revival
gatherings of 20,000. Studied bible, heard preachings. 4-5 days. More joined church
33
Ralph Waldo Emerson
writer, led group to practice transcendentalism
34
transcendentalism
simple life, truth in nation, emotion, imagination. optimism, freedom, self reliance
35
Henry David Thoreau
Used Emerson's idea, lived 2 yrs alone in cabin
36
civil disobedience
conscience telling not to obey laws, peacefully refused
37
utopian community
Perfect place, wanted self-sufficiency. short lasting
38
Dorothea Dix
Got law passed to improve conditions for mentally ill, begin to set up public hospitals for them (rehab)
39
abolition
to outlaw slavery
40
William Lloyd Garrison
white abolitionist. Wrote to deliver emancipation, founded American Anti-slavery Society. Hated by proslavery whites. Attacked churches.
41
emancipation
freeing of slaves, no payment to slaveholders
42
David Walker
free black, fight for freedom
43
Frederick Douglass
escaped slave. Lecturer for Garrison. Wrote "north Star" (newspaper)
44
Nat Turner
believed he had to lead people out of bondage. with 80, attacked 4 plantations, killed 60 whites. Tried, hanged. 200 blacks killed. Southern whites had to control slaves more.
45
antebellum
pre civil war South
46
gag rule
limits debate on an issue.
47
Elizabeth Cady Stanton&Lucretia Mott
Helped hold Women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, Mott helped runaway slaves
48
cult of domesticity
customs of a woman: marriage,housework, childcare
49
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
collected petitions against slavery, ran school for women
50
temperance movement
to prohibit drinking (churches)
51
Seneca Falls Convention
300 women gathered, encouraged women to be independent
52
Sojourner Truth
spiritual slave, dedicated to pacifism, traveled country for abolition purposes
53
cottage industry
women and children did work, made product at home, sold to manufacturer.
54
master-journeyman-apprentice
most experienced artisan-employed by <-young worker learning craft
55
strike
demand went up, conditions poor, strict rules. Lost to owners but struck again after wage decreases
56
National Traders' Union
Unions=federations. opposed by bankers and owners.
57
capitalism
private businesses make production to make profit
58
Sam F.B. Morse
made telegraph, helped transportation and business
59
specialization
more industry. workers spent $on others' goods. From self-sufficiency to this. raising 1 or 2 cash crops.
60
market revolution
people buy and sell good.
61
John Deere/Cyrus McCormick
invented steel plow/mechanical reaper eased farming process
62
manifest destiny
belief movement westward was ordained by God
63
Treaty of Fort Laramie
settlers moved west, natives attacked. Natives signed not to attack, US gave lands back, make payments.
64
Santa Fe Trail (Missouri-NM)
missouri traders for tradING OBJECTS.
65
Oregon Trail (Missouri-Oregon)
Methodists went to set up mission schools, convert Natives. many died from fever, diarrhea.
66
Mormons
went west. Held ownership of resources among people
67
Joseph Smith
Mormon, moved west after making Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints. Jailed for treason and murdered by anti mormons
68
Fifty Four Forty or Fight!
GB and USA agreed to extend US boundary west from Rockies to Puget Sound
69
Stephen F. Austin
led american settlers to Brazos River
70
land grants
mexico didn't want to be robbed, attacked by Natives in Texas. Invited Americans for protection. Obeyed Mexican law, religion.
71
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
took over Mexican gov. went to San Antonia with 400 men.
72
Texas Revolution
Austin wanted self-gov. for Texas. rebellions after local powers revoked.
73
Alamo
Santa anna wanted Texas to obey laws, went to san antonio with 4000 soldiers. Texans armed themselves, attacked, Mexico counterattacked killing all us defenders
74
Sam Houston
led Texans defeat over Mexico at Battle of Jacinto. Texans kill 630 Mexicans in 18 mins- capture Santa Anna=Republic of Texas
75
annex
incorporate into US. South agreed for more slaves. North did not for tipping balance. Texas becomes part of the union
76
James K. Polk
"Napoleon of the Stump" sent person to Mexico to purchase Cali and NM. Recognized state of war. Information held back. Scheme with Santa Anna to stop war, was betrayed
77
General Zachary Taylor
Blockade Rio Grande, started skirmish w/ Mexico. "Old Rough and Ready" Captured Monterrey, got Rio as border.
78
Colonel Stephen Kearny
From ft. Lauderdale to Santa Fe "LONG MARCHER" got NM without shots
79
Republic of Cali
US settlers to seize town of Sonoma, flag with grizzly bear, declared independence from Mex
80
Winfield Scott
"Old Fuss&Feathers" captured Veracruz&Mex City, won all battles
81
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Rio Grande as border,$15 million to Mexico for Cali,NM,Arizona,Utah,Colorado and wyoming. Mexicans here guaranteed us rights
82
Gadsden Purchase
James Gadsden buys more land making current borders
83
gold rush/forty niners
gold in cali, these are people who moved west
84
Wilmot Proviso
Cali,Utah&NM closed to slavery forever. North supported, south declined. More power to the North.
85
Compromise of 1850
made by Henry Clay. Calhoun:states over fed. rights. Webster:not to extend slavery. Cali admitted as free state, texas/nm boundary fight resolved. $10million to Texas. Sale of slaves banned in dc. Fugitive slave act. Utah/nm popular sovereignty
86
popular sovereignty
residents vote on slavery
87
stephen a. Douglas
"little Giant" got Compromise passed by reintroducing each act at a time
88
Fugitive Slave Act
Fugitives not allowed to trial, no testify. All had to return slaves. $10 to return a slave, $1000 fine for helping a slave, 6mon. jail
89
personal liberty laws
violent people to help slaves. forbid jailing runaways, right to trial. Slave owners mad
90
Underground Railroad
secret network of getting slaves north. traveled at night , hidden in secret tunnels. avoided patrols, without food for several days
91
Harriet Tubman
Born slave, became strong, ran for freedom, became conductor in Underground Railroad, helped 300 slaves escape.
92
Harriet Beecher Stowe
hated slavery, wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin
93
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Mr and ms shelby sell Uncle tom and harry two slaves and it shows their journey
94
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Nebraska (north)Kansas(south) repealed Missouri Compromise, popular sovereignty for both.
95
John Brown
believed God wanted him to fight slavery. thought slaves killed in Lawrence, attacked in Pottawattomie Massacre :tried and hanged
96
nativism
favor native-born Americans not immigrants,
97
Know-Nothing Party
formed by nativists, secret handshakes, passwords
98
Free Soil Party
didn't want expansion of slavery for racist reasons
99
Republican Party
North Whigs, antislavery Democrats,Free Soilers. opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act. support from diverse groups.
100
Fort Sumter
SC. Union. Lincoln abandoned it. Start of war, union lost
101
Anaconda Plan
Union had to conquer south.1.Union blockades south ports.2.split confed. in two 3.capture Richmond (capital)
102
Bull Run
inexperienced. 25 miles from capital. Confeds forced Union to retreat.
103
Stonewall Jackson
General Thomas J. Jackson nickname, died in battle by pneumonia.
104
George McClellan
led Union army. "army of Potomac" did not attack. fought against Richard Lee. Fired by Lincoln
105
Ulysses S. Grant
Head of Union. Captured 2 confed forts. "Unconditional Surrender"
106
Shiloh
Church, Confeds surprised Union, shot in bed, Union counterattacked and won, taught both sides to send out scouts,dig trenches and build forts.
107
David G. Farragut
ship commander. seized New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Natchez
108
Monitor&Merrimack
Ironclads.
109
Robert E. Lee
commander of Confed for VA. Won Seven days' battle. won Second Battle of bull run
110
Antietam
bloodiest single day battle. Stand off, south retreated
111
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln hated slavery. let army free slaves not immediately. not to occupied territory. gave war a moral purpose. Confeds. outraged
112
habeus corpus
court order requires trial. suspended by lincoln.confed sympathizers arrested without trial.
113
Copperheads
north democrats wanted peace w/south. "poisonous snake"
114
conscription
draft forcing certain people to army. could pay $300 to get out.
115
Fort Pillow
black massacre of over 200 prisoners, some whites
116
income tax
citizen's pay went to gov.
117
Clara Barton
Union nurse "angel of the battlefield"
118
Andersonville
worst confed. prison. stuffed prisoners, no shelter drank from sewer.
119
Gettysburg
three day battle. "turning point of civil war" lee never invaded north again.
120
Chancellorsville
south wins. but stonewall gets shot by own men
121
Vicksburg
Mississippi. starved out, split confed in two
122
Gettysburg Address
ceremony by lincoln. "remade america" People said US is not are
123
William Tecumseh Sherman
union. believed in total war. marched through Georgia path of destruction, made south sick of war. Took Savannah, helped Grant 'wipe out lee'
124
Appomattox Courthouse
VA lee and grant meet to arrange Confed. surrender WAR OVER
125
13th Amendment
constitutional amendment abolishing slavery.
126
American Red Cross
founded by Clara Barton
127
John Wilkes Booth
actor, southern sympathizer.killed Lincoln. escaped, trapped in tobacco barn, forced to surrender, was shot
128
Sitting Bull
leader of Sioux tribe. had vision of natives getting killed. took refuge in canada, forced to surrender. killed by police
129
George A. Custer
reported Black Hills had gold, died in battle with Crazy Horse, Gall and Sitting Bull
130
assimilation
natives give up beliefs, become part of whites
131
Dawes Act
to Americanize the natives. broke up reservations. sell land to settlers. natives got no $
132
Battle of wounded Knee
custer's old regiment gathered 350 Sioux, wanted all their weapons, 300 unarmed died

History us 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions