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Final Exams > History Final Exam > Flashcards

History Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The 19th century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right.

A

Manifest Destiny

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2
Q

A trail from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s.

A

Oregon Trail

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3
Q

The fortified former mission in San Antonio that was the site of 1836 defeat and slaughter of Texans by Mexican troops.

A

Alamo

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4
Q

A preacher who works to renew the importance of religion in American life

A

Revivalists

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5
Q

Member of the religion which believes that God is a single divine being rather than a trinity

A

Unitarians

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6
Q

Member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which was organized in 1830 by Joseph Smith

A

Mormons

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7
Q

A person who has been freed from slavery

A

Freedman

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8
Q

A rule lasting from 1836 to 1844 that banned debate about slavery in Congress

A

Gag Rule

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9
Q

A principle in which the people are the only source of government power

A

Sovereignty

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10
Q

To withdraw formally from a membership in a group or an organization

A

Secede

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11
Q

An antislavery political party in the mid-1800s

A

Free-Soil Party

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12
Q

A system that existed before the Civil War in which African American and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas in the North and in Canada

A

Underground Railroad

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13
Q

A law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves; a part of the Compromise of 1850

A

Fugitive Slave Act

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14
Q

During the Civil War, a state that allowed slavery but remained in the Union: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri

A

Border States

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15
Q

A military tactic in which a navy prevents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy’s ports

A

Blockade

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16
Q

Supplies captured from an enemy during wartime

A

Contraband

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17
Q

A military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but also the economic and civilian resources that support them

A

Total War

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18
Q

A military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender

A

Siege

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19
Q

A certificate bought from the government that promises to pay the holder back the purchase amount plus interest at a future date

A

Bonds

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20
Q

An 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

A

Homestead Act

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21
Q

A belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the constitution.

A

Loose construction

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22
Q

A belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the constitution.

A

Strict Construction

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23
Q

A 1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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24
Q

An official ban or restriction on trade.

A

Embargo

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25
Q

A war between the Barbary States and the United States

A

Barbary War

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26
Q

The 1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

A

Louisiana Purchase

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27
Q

Members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain in the years leading up to the War of 1812.

A

War Hawks

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28
Q

A canal completed in 1825 that connected Lake Erie too to the Hudson River.

A

Erie Canal

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29
Q

A road that requires users to pay a toll

A

Turnpikes

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30
Q

A road by the federal government in the early 1800s that extended from Maryland to Illinois

A

National Roads

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31
Q

A person who favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants

A

Nativists

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32
Q

Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.

A

Nationalism

33
Q

An 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banning slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36℉ 30℉ N latitude

A

Missouri Compromise

34
Q

A forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s

A

Trail of Tears

35
Q

An act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the federal government to negotiate land exchanges with the American Indian in the Southeast.

A

Indian Removal Act

36
Q

Members of the nationalist political party formed in the 1832 in opposition to the democrats

A

Whigs

37
Q

A closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate.

A

Caucus

38
Q

Practice of the political party in power giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications.

A

Spoils System

39
Q

A theory that states that states could nullify, or void, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional.

A

Nullification

40
Q

An 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the War of 1812 and demanded constitutional amendments to empower the region.

A

Hartford Convention

41
Q

Those who favored loose construction and those who supported strict construction most strongly differed on which of the following issues?

A

the extent of federal power

42
Q

In what sense was Thomas Jefferson’s election in 1800 a revolution?

A

It signaled a shift away from Federalist policy and ideology.

43
Q

President Jefferson and other Americans were angered by the attack on the Chesapeake because

A

it represented an affront to the nation’s sovereignty

44
Q

In the early 1800s, American foreign policy was largely defined by

A

struggles with Britain and France

45
Q

Which of the following groups was most affected by the Tariff of 1816?

A

Farmers

46
Q

What did the Adams-Onís Treaty do?

A

It expelled American Indians from American territory

47
Q

The Tariff of Abominations and subsequent nullification crises signified a growing crisis in the United States over

A

sectional differences

48
Q

What effect did the Whiskey Rebellion have on the relationship between the Federalists and antiFederalists?

A

it intensified their conflict and encouraged the development of two parties

49
Q

Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant?

A

Not realizing a peace treaty had been signed, outnumbered Americans fought and won the battle to save New Orleans

50
Q

In order for the United States to expand westward, with which country would it most likely come into conflict?

A

Mexico

51
Q

Based on the area’s geography, into which Spanish territory was the United States most likely to expand first?

A

Texas

52
Q

Which of the following compromises offered a solution to the problem posed by Texas?

A

Acquisition of Oregon Territory

53
Q

Which population group suffered the most as a result of mining activities and related policies?

A

American Indians

54
Q

The work of Henry David Thoreau most supported which aim of the Transcendentalist movement?

A

to seek truth within the individual and in nature

55
Q

The Second Great Awakening contributed to increased popular support for which of the following groups?

A

Social Reforms

56
Q

What did the Gag Rule demand?

A

no discussion of slavery take place in Congress

57
Q

How did industrialization lead to improvements in the status of women?

A

by providing economic opportunities outside of the home

58
Q

How did Spanish leaders stimulate New Mexico’s population and economic growth?

A

By creating alliances with the American Indians

59
Q

Many of the Mountain Men who created trails through the Rockies saw financial opportunities in

A

Fur Trading

60
Q

How was the idea of Manifest Destiny used to justify westward expansion?

A

Many thought the United States had a right to own all of North America.

61
Q

The Mexican government hoped that if they allowed Americans to settle in Texas, the Americans would

A

encourage economic growth

62
Q

How did the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act affect opinions about slavery in the North?

A

It drove moderate northerners to side with the abolitionists.

63
Q

How did the American Party differ from the Free-Soil Party?

A

The American Party focused on immigration rather than slavery.

64
Q

Which factor contributed most to President Lincoln’s decision to announce the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862?

A

an improvement in the military situation

65
Q

The Emancipation Proclamation limited the abolition of slavery to certain regions in order to?

A

maintain the support of political leaders in the border states.

66
Q

Which statement makes an accurate comparison of Union and Confederate Army policies?(on African Americans)

A

The Union Army benefited from African American soldiers while the Confederate Army resisted enlisting of slaves.

67
Q

Which of these events did the most to bring an end to the Civil War?(Battle)

A

the end of the siege of Vicksburg

68
Q

Which of these changed most dramatically as the Civil War turned into a prolonged conflict?(How the people view it)

A

the relative levels of public support enjoyed by the Union and the Confederacy

69
Q

The founding of the Free -Soil party

A

called for popular sovereignty as a way to resolve the slavery issue.

70
Q

One advantage which contributed to the North’s victory was?

A

strong military leadership under Generals Grant and Sherman.

71
Q

What major difference between the Union and Confederate armies became apparent during the siege of Petersburg in 1864?

A

The Union army had superior numbers of replacement troops in reserve.

72
Q

What was the result of the protective tariff passed in 1862?

A

Industrial development in the North surged because the tariff made imported goods more expensive.

73
Q

In 1865, Congress proposed the Thirteenth Amendment, which would

A

abolish slavery in the United States.

74
Q

The main reason the Union wanted control of the Mississippi River was to

A

effectively split the Confederacy in two.

75
Q

The main idea of President Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” was that

A

the Civil War was being fought to preserve the nation

76
Q

Why was Pickett’s Charge significant?

A

Its failure gave the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg

77
Q

What did General Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda Plan” entail?

A

cutting off Confederate supply lines by taking control of the Mississippi River

78
Q

How did President Lincoln respond to the Confederacy’s attack on Fort Sumter?

A

He declared the Confederacy’s actions to be an insurrection and asked for volunteers to fight.

79
Q

Among the events leading to the Civil War

A

the Compromise of 1859 increases slave representation and hostility between the North and South.

Final Exams (6 decks)

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