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History Final Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first president under the new Constitution?

A

George Washington

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2
Q

Who makes up the president’s cabinet?

A

The Vice President and the departments

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3
Q

How many amendments are in the Bill of Rights?

A

10

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4
Q

What were the functions of the new Bank of the United States created by Congress?

A

The bank let the government borrow money and store it.

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5
Q

What are taxes on imports called?

A

Tariff

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6
Q

What was the protest called when an armed mob in Pennsylvania attacked tax collectors over a new tax passed by Congress in 1791?

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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7
Q

What was the British practice of impressment that angered many Americans in the late 1790s?

A

The British forcefully invaded American ships.

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8
Q

What advice did Washington give the nation in his Farewell Address?

A

He feared the splitting of a nation with political parties.

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9
Q

What were the beliefs of the Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton?

A

Federalists believed in a strong national government.

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10
Q

What were the beliefs of the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson?

A

The Democratic-Republicans believed that the states should have more power.

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11
Q

Who became the second president of the United States after George Washington left office?

A

John Adams

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12
Q

What is sedition?

A

Not to start an uprising against authority.

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13
Q

Why did the Federalist-controlled Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts in the late 1790s?

A

Many Europeans that immigrated believed the ideals of the French Revolution.

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14
Q

How was the tie in the Electoral College for the election of 1800 resolved?

A

The House of Representatives chose the President(Thomas Jefferson).

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15
Q

In what ways did Thomas Jefferson’s Republican administration affect the government?

A

Jefferson wanted a capital and believed the federal government should not have extreme power.

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16
Q

Who was John Marshall?

A

John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States of America and had a great impact on freedom.

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17
Q

Which European powers had a strong presence in the middle of the North American continent during Jefferson’s presidency?

A

France and Great Britain

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18
Q

Why did farmers need access to the Mississippi River?

A

To transport crops to markets.

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19
Q

Why was the Louisiana Purchase such a significant event for the young United States?

A

The Louisiana Purchase was a significant event for the young United States because it let Americans expand further west and gain land.

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20
Q

How was the personal feud between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr resolved?

A

Aaron Burr dueled Alexander Hamilton resulting in Hamilton’s death and Aaron Burr fleading.

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20
Q

What caused the U.S. war with Tripoli during the Jefferson presidency?

A

Tripoli asked for money to enter their waters and America refused, so Tripoli raged war. (Piracy)

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21
Q

How did the United States respond to the British attack on the Chesapeake in the early 1800s?

A

Congress passed the Embargo act banning trade with Britain and other countries.

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22
Q

The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and _______________.

A

Great Britain

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23
Q

Why was the Battle of Lake Champlain significant?

A

It was an important American victory because it saved New York and the Hudson river from Britain.

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24
Who commanded American forces during the Battle of New Orleans?
Andrew Jackson led forces through the Battle of New Orleans.
25
How did Americans respond to winning the War of 1812?
This helped Americans gain confidence and patriotism as well as wanting to expand west.
25
What features characterized the Industrial Revolution in the United States?
Power was being created from water power and there were many rivers to have the power to create factories in the U.S.
26
Which industry was the first to harness the innovations of the Industrial Revolution?
Textile Industry
27
What are important features of capitalism?
Its motive to make profit.
28
What effect did the increase in cotton production, brought about by the invention of the cotton gin, have on the southern states?
This increased the South’s demand for slaves and land as well as it brought them great wealth.
29
Who was the explorer and pioneer who helped build trails and roads through the Appalachian Mountains in the late 1700s?
Daniel Boone
30
What advantage did steamboats have over traditional water vessels, such as barges or sailing ships?
It reduced the time and expense for shipping goods to distant markets.
31
What was the American System?
An economical plan to make the U.S. economically self-reliant and less dependent on Europe, especially Great Britain.
32
What is a tariff ?
A tax on imported/exported goods.
33
Why did many Americans view sectionalism as a threat?
They believed it would divide the nation and result in conflict.
34
The Missouri Compromise of 1820, introduced by _________, helped maintain balance between free states and slave states.
Henry Clay
35
How did the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 change the boundaries of the United States?
It defined western limits of Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest.
35
What was a guiding principle to come out of the Monroe Doctrine?
To separate spheres of influence for the Americas and Europe. It told Europeans to stay away.
36
Along with the United States, which nations claimed parts of the Oregon Country in the mid-1800s?
Great Britain and Spain.
37
Which term is used to name the fur trappers who first explored and lived in the Oregon Country?
Mountain Men.
38
What was the name of the most popular route American settlers used to travel to the far west?
The Oregon Trail.
39
Why was granting statehood to Florida a controversial issue?
It would add another slave state, throwing off the balance between free and slave.
40
What happened at the Alamo, in San Antonio in 1836?
Mexicans attacked Americans at the Alamo.
41
Who was elected the first president of the Republic of Texas in September of 1836?
Samuel Houston
42
How did California change under the Mexicans after 1821?
Many of Spanish missions were changed into farms.
43
Why wasn’t the relationship between the United States and Mexico friendly before they went to war?
They disagreed about the Texas/Mexico border.
44
Which American president was in office during the War with Mexico?
James K. Polk.
45
How did victory in the war with Mexico change the U.S. borders?
We gained Arizona territory and California.
46
Why were many California gold miners called “forty-niners”?
The gold rush started in 1949.
47
How did Levi Strauss become rich during the California Gold Rush?
He sold supplies like blankets and overalls at high prices to gain extreme wealth.
47
Who founded The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the religion of the Mormons?
Joseph Smith.
48
What was the U.S. economy based on before the Industrial Revolution?
The south’s cotton production(some trade).
49
How did canals and railroads benefit people in the Northeast?
Canals and railroads helped the North transport supplies from place to place.
50
Which inventions most directly contributed to changing the landscape of the Midwest from prairie to farmland?
The metal reaper and steel tipped plow.
51
How did industrialization contribute to the growth of Northern cities in the early 1800s?
It helped cities form because of the factories that helped create libraries and other buildings.
52
What was the main reason Irish people immigrated to the United States between 1840 and 1860?
Irish immigrated to get away from the Great Famine in Ireland.
53
Where did most immigrants to the United States come from between 1840 and 1860?
Most immigrants came from Ireland in the U.S.
54
How did the cotton gin influence cotton production in the South?
Cotton gin increased cotton production and increased slave labor.
55
Which states were major cotton producers by 1860?
Major cotton producers were Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
56
What is one reason industry developed slowly in the South?
Industrialization developed slowly because there wasn’t much demand for goods in south and they wanted to keep their cotton production.
57
Enslaved African Americans made up approximately what percentage of the Southern population?
Enslaved African Americans made up ½ of the Southern population.
58
What did the slave codes prohibit enslaved people from doing?
Slave codes prohibited people from leaving their owner’s premises without permission.
59
How did enslaved people try to resist slavery?
Enslaved people tried to build stability and keep their family lives up as best as they could.
60
What were free African Americans in the North allowed to do that free African Americans in the South were not?
Travel and assemble freely.
61
What is a utopia?
An imagined place where everything is perfect(like heaven).
62
Horace Mann is known for his work in which field?
Horace Mann was known for unifying the school system.
63
Which is the best definition of the term civil disobedience?
Refusing to obey a law, a regulation or a power unjust in a peaceful manner.
64
What was the goal of the abolitionist movement?
Freeing all slaves and returning some back to Africa.
64
Why did early antislavery societies think that slavery needed to be ended gradually?
So the economy of southern states would not collapse.
65
How did William Lloyd Garrison contribute to the abolitionist movement?
He published the Liberator every week and gave speeches as well as formed societies.
66
What was the Underground Railroad?
Secrete routes that helped African Americans escape their slaveowners.
67
What is suffrage?
The right to vote.
68
What demands did women make at the Seneca Falls Convention?
Right to education, right to own property, and the right to vote.
69
What is one example of how women made progress toward equality in the 1800s?
Women made equality in 1800s by creating conventions to help women gain equal rights.
70
How did Elizabeth Blackwell break barriers?
She challenged the society’s perspective on womens’ roles. First women to get accepted into medical school.
71
What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 accomplish?
It helped keep balance between free states and slave states.
72
What territories did the United States gain as a result of the Mexican War?
United States gained California and Arizona territories.
73
How did some Northerners disobey the Fugitive Slave Act?
Northerners disobeyed by helping fugitive slaves.
74
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Kansas-Nebraska Act was letting people vote for slavery or no slavery in an area west of Iowa and north of border line.
75
What was one outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Kansas became a slave state and there was much fighting in Kansas because of unfair border ruffians.
76
What did the birth of the Republican Party in 1854 suggest about the issue of slavery?
Republicans wanted to ban slavery in new territories
77
What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford?
The Supreme Court’s decision was that Dred Scott was not to be free because the constitution protected the slavery rights.
78
What was an important outcome of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
This helped Abraham Lincoln gain a lot of followers.
79
What was John Brown’s goal for his raid on the Harper’s Ferry arsenal?
His goal was to arm slaves to revolt against slaveholders.
80
What made Southern states worry about Lincoln’s victory?
White southerners feared slave revlots.
80
Which reasons did Southern states use to justify secession?
They used states rights to justify secession.
81
What did Lincoln say in his first Inaugural Address?
He said he would not accept secession and he would hold forts in seceding territories.
82
Which event most directly sparked the Civil War?
The fight at Fort Sumpter.
83
What advantages did the Union have over the Confederacy?
North had a larger population and more resources and stronger central government.
84
What advantages did the Confederacy have over the Union?
The Confederacy had strong military leaders, they knew how to defend their land, and they had a fighting spirit.
85
What is an ironclad?
An ironclad was a warship covered in iron.
86
Why was the Union’s capture of New Orleans significant?
This stopped the COnfederacy from using the Mississippi River.
87
Why was the Battle of Antietam important?
Battle of Antietam drove South out of North.
88
Why was President Lincoln initially reluctant to make the Civil War about ending slavery?
President Lincoln did not want to lose the Border States, so he could win the war.
89
What did President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation declare?
Emancipation Proclamation let all property (slaves) free in rebel territories.
90
How did the Civil War affect Southern civilians?
Southerners lost their crops and homes.
91
How did women contribute to the war effort on both sides?
Women were spies and nurses.
91
What was the major cause of death at the prison camps?
Disease was the major cause of death.
92
What was one of the consequences of early Confederate victories in the East?
Early Confederate victories in the East ran through three Union generals.
92
Which two battles began to change the tide of the war in favor of the Union?
Vicksburg and Gettysburg.

History Final (1 decks)

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