HISTORY FINAL

Question 1

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 1

1786-87. A violent Massachussetts rebellion led by by Daniel Shays in opposition to increased collection of taxes. This increase in tax efforts came following the Revolutionary War, which left America in a debt crisis. 1200 men were a part of the attack. The army quickly handled the insurrection, and most men involved were captured. Shay was granted amnesty.

Question 2

3/5 Compromise

Answer 2

1787. The Constitutional Convention reached this decision which determined that 3 out of every 5 slaves were to be counted when determining a state’s population for representation and taxation purposes.

Question 3

Federalists

Answer 3

1789-1835. Federalists favored a large central government. They were worried about the anarchy and chaos that may ensue if the states had all the power. Hamilton is one of the most iconic federalists, along with John Jay and James Madison.

Question 4

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 4

1798-99. Kentucky and Virginia’s responses to the Alien and Sedition Acts (Acts passed which criminalized criticism of the
Federalist President, but not the Republican VP). Jefferson and Madison fought back, claiming in their resolutions that the acts were unconstitutional.

Question 5

The Star Spangled Banner

Answer 5

Penned by Francis Scott Key during the War of 1812 while watching a battle that took place at Fort McHenry. It would be adopted as the US National Anthem in 1931. Also, the melody originated from a drinking song.

Question 6

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 6

1803. Jefferson hears news that Spain and France are trading land. Jefferson wanted New Orleans. Napoleon offered him all of Louisiana, which at the time covered 530 million acres of land. Jefferson buys Louisiana for 15 million dollars. The Federalists freak out.

Question 7

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 7

1823. James Monroe did not write the Monroe doctrine, John Quincy Adams did. The goal was to keep European powers out of the US. They were worried that Europe would gain a foothold in the US by carving out small colonial reasons. JQA had his eye on the whole continent. “Proto-Manifest Destiny”.

Question 8

Cotton Kingdom/Black Belt

Answer 8

Mid 1800’s. 2 Reasons for the name. In the Deep South, the soil was incredibly rich and dark.
Also, heavy cotton production lead to an increase in enslaved populations. By 1840, 60% of US exports was cotton. This brought more people to the south in search of profit.

Question 9

The Market Revolution

Answer 9

1820-30s. A period of transformation where the economy drastically shifted from the traditional, colonial style to a modern, free-market style. The Industrial Revolution played a large role.

Question 10

Erie Canal

Answer 10

Completed in 1825. The Canal provided a direct route from New York City to the Midwest. This allowed for large scale commercial development, playing a role in the Market Revolution as well as the 2nd Great Awakening.

Question 11

Sam Patch

Answer 11

Known as the “Jersey Jumper”, Patch was known for his daring feats where he would jump from incredible heights into water below. Patch was tired of factory work, and found his jumps to be a source of income and excitement. He died performing a jump in 1829.

Question 11

“Log Cabin Campaign”

Answer 11

1840. William Henry Harrison’s presidential campaign. Harrison’s political opponents attempted to make him look like an unqualified candidate, saying he would rather sit in a log cabin drinking hard cider than tend to the nation’s business. This backfired, as Harrison quickly adopted the image. Harrison defeated Van Buren in the election.

Question 12

Universal Manhood Suffrage

Answer 12

Mid 1800s. This gave the right to an equal vote for all adult males, regardless of economic status, property owned, etc. The rise of Jacksonian democracy led to universal manhood suffrage.

Question 12

Temperance Movement

Answer 12

Mid-early 1800s. This movement, along with the other moral reform movements, stemmed directly from the 2nd Great Awakening. Drinking was seen as a social problem, and it was thought that men spent money on alcohol rather than family. Alcohol led to poverty and other social “ills”. Over 1 million people signed a personal temperance pledge.

Question 13

Indian Removal Policy

Answer 13

1830. Indian Removal Act signed by Andrew Jackson. Native Americans were forcefully relocated to the other side of the Mississippi in order that American settlers could have the land. Trail of Tears. Some went peacefully, some fought, some escaped to the mountain areas.

Question 14

Burned-Over District

Answer 14

Early 1800s. The burned-over district referred to the regions in New York where the religious revivals (2nd Great Awakening) and new religious movements took form. The Eerie Canal helped these movements take off. Church membership doubled in 6 months. Denominations were blurred. Charles Grandison Finney. Mormons, Unitarians, etc.

Question 15

Immediate Abolitionism

Answer 15

David Walker proposes an appeal against “gradual colonization” and suspiciously dies a few months later. William Lloyd Garrison publishes The Liberator. Garrison is a leading figure in the abolitionist movement. Christians were the leading facilitators behind the abolitionist movement.

Question 16

Typical Runaway Slave

Answer 16

Young, unmarried men with no familial bonds. Many were literate to a degree, and skilled in one form of labor or another.

Question 16

1811 German Coast Revolt

Answer 16

In January of 1811, a slave revolt lead by Charles Deslondes. They wounded their master and marched on, gathering more slaves as they headed towards New Orleans. Troops were sent out to stop them, and were successful. Charles Deslondes was brutally killed on January 12 upon being captured.

Question 16

Women’s Rights Movement

Answer 16

Mid 1800s. Stemming from the 2nd Great Awakening, this was another example of a moral reform movement. Elizabeth Stanton convened a women’s rights convention in New York. On the table was the right to vote, religious and educational rights, property rights, etc.

Question 16

Manifest Destiny

Answer 16

1845. The idea that the US was destined by God to expand its dominion across the whole North American continent. James K. Polk. This doctrine also included the concept of destroying anyone in the way of US expansion. With the collecting of new territories came tensions over slavery and slave v free states.

Question 17

Women on the Overland Trails

Answer 17

The Overland Trails lead west, where people would go to start a new life and maybe strike it rich in gold. This gave women the opportunity to be free of certain roles/expectations. They had more opportunities and more freedom. However, they were not completely free of their traditional roles. There was still need to take care of children and prepare meals.

Question 17

Mountain Meadows Massacre

Answer 17

1857. Conflict between the Mormons and the federal government led to some militant Mormons attacking an emigrant wagon. 120 people were killed. As a result, the government demanded the Mormons resettle and accept the presence of federal troops in Utah territory.

Question 18

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 18

1846. Written by David Wilmot. An unsuccessful attempt to ban slavery in new territory acquired from the Mexican-American War. This was one of the major events leading to the Civil War. This bill caused a divide between the Democrat party (Northern and Southern Democrats disagreed).

Question 19

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 19

1850s. Violence that broke out over debate regarding the idea of slavery in the soon-to-be state of Kansas. The southern states wanted to undermine the Missouri Compromise, which would deem Kansas a free state. Kansas would enter the Union as a free state in 1861. Catalyst of the Civil War. THE CANING OF CHARLES SUMNER.

Question 19

Compromise of 1850

Answer 19

Following the Mexican-American war, the US had acquired new territories. The question was would they become slave or free states. Henry Clay penned this work with the hope of slowing the divide between the North and South. Stephen Douglas split the bill into individual bills, which allowed for each point to be voted on individually. Cali was added as a free state, and the border of Texas was redefined.

Question 20

Dred Scott Decision

Answer 20

1850s. Dred and Harriet Scott sued for their freedom. the Supreme Court shockingly ruled to uphold slavery, deny the legality of black citizenship, and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. This was overturned in 1868 with the 14th amendment.

Question 21

Constitutional Union Party

Answer 21

1860 elections. A third political party made up of former Whigs and Know-Nothings in the south, who did not want to secede. John Bell was their presidential nominee. They sought to recognize no political principle other than the Constitution, Union of the states, and the enforcement of laws.

Question 22

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 22

On January 1, 1963, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the rebel states, but not the Union States. This also offered slaves in the South to join the Union Army. The goal of this was to strengthen the Union and would eventually lead to the full on destruction of slavery.