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History Final Flashcards

1
Q

Conscription

A

A military draft

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2
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction

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3
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

(1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state.

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4
Q

black codes

A

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

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5
Q

Scalawags

A

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

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6
Q

Wade-Davis Bill

A

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

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7
Q

10% Plan

A

Lincoln’s 1863 program for a rapid Reconstruction of the South

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8
Q

John Brown

A

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory

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9
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)

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10
Q

Ulyesses S. Grant

A

phenomenal general that captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in the Civil War. He was a brave, tough, and decisive military leader graduated from West Point and failed at every day job, so he became an army commander because it was more “him”.

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11
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

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12
Q

Dred Scott

A

United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state

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13
Q

Ft. Sumter

A

Union fort attacked by Confederates in 1861 sparking the start of the Civil War

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14
Q

Freedman’s Bureau, 1865

A

Def: a new agency created by congress which helped misplace blacks and whites; provide food, shelter, land, and education. Sig: helped many blacks and increased blakc education drastically

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15
Q

Importance of Kansas Territory

A

It could have upset the delicate balance of slave and free states

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16
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

1861, 1st major battle, proved war was going to be long and costly

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17
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas over the issue of slavery

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18
Q

Capture of Atlanta

A

General Sherman and his troops set the city of Atlanta on fire, in order to destroy the confederate’s supply lines and then Marched to the Sea, Savannah, and burnt everything along the way

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19
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war

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20
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

battle in Maryland that ended Lee’s first invasion of the North

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21
Q

Apptomattox Courthouse

A

place that signifies start of peace because this is where the Civil War ended

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22
Q

Reconstruction Acts

A

set of laws that divided the South into five districts under military control

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23
Q

Battle of Chickamauga

A

Confederate victory; largest battle fought in Georgia; led to the battle of Chattanooga

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24
Q

KKK

A

Ku Klux Klan–Against Blacks, Jews, Catholics. Used terror to control them

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25
15th Amendment (1870)
U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed
26
Sherman's March to the Sea
Union general Sherman's destructive march across Georgia
27
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated Abraham Lincoln
28
George McCleallan
the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac
29
Andersonville
Confederate war camp in Georgia with terrible conditions for soldiers
30
Compromise of 1877
Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction
31
Impeachment
A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office
32
Thaddeus Stevens
Leader of the Radical Republicans
33
Angel Island
The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York.
34
Social Gospel
Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform.
35
Horizontal Integration
Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller
36
social darwism
survival of the fittest
37
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers
38
Gentleman's Agreement
1907 agreement between the United States and Japan that restricted Japanese immigration
39
Ellis Island
Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892
40
Vertical Integration
the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
41
sweatshop
small factory where employees have to work long hours under poor conditions for little pay
42
John Rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
43
Booker T. Washington
African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
44
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910
45
Andrew Carngie
Scottish born immigrant who came up with a way to produce cheap high grade steel for construction
46
Cornelius Vanderbilt
United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)
47
Battle of Little Bighorn
1876 Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer
48
Wright Brothers
First to achieve a sustained, controlled flight in a powered airplane
49
Settlement Houses
institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people
50
Americanzation
Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens
51
Favorable Business Conditions
belief in capitalism, laisse-faire, and Social Darwinism
52
Presidential Election of 1896
Republican William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic and complex
53
Reasons for Political Machines
crime, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitation
54
Plains Indians life revolved around what
buffalo
55
Lynching
putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law
56
Immigrants from 1880-1910
came from southern and eastern Europe
57
Pendleton Service Act
1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons
58
Farmers challenges out West
Harsh climate, scarce water, and lumber shortage
59
Pacific Railroad Act
helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and government bonds
60
Political Machines ways to keep Power
Engaged in voter fraud Practice graft Used payoffs
61
Crédit Mobilier scandal
A construction company was formed by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad for the purpose of receiving government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices—and profits. In 1872 a scandal erupted when journalists discovered that the Crédit Mobilier Company had bribed congressmen and even the Vice President in order to allow the ruse to continue.
62
ICC
Interstate Commerce Commission, a federal regulatory agency that governed over the rules and regulations of the railroading industry.
63
Industries of Industrialization
steel, oil, railroads
64
Debt peonage
a system in which workers are bound in servitude until their debts are paid
65
Plessy v. Ferguson
"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws
66
Homestead Strike
Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers
67
Progressivism
movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms
68
Yellow Journalism
journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.
69
Muckrakers
Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business
70
Bully Pulpit
the ability to use the office of the presidency to promote a particular program and/or to influence Congress to accept legislative proposals
71
Zimmerman Note
Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico
72
Trench Warfare
a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
73
Isolationism
A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
74
Prohibition
A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages
75
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria Hungary who was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand; his death was a main cause for World War I
76
Woodrow Wilson
28th President of the United States
77
Kaiser William II
last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling both the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
78
Upton Sinclair
author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906 - wrote The Jungle
79
Election Reforms
change in electoral systems to improve how public desires are expressed in election results
80
Woman's Temperance Movement
promoted the prohibition of alcohol
81
Teddy Roosevelt's Reforms
natural resources expanded national forest and parks denouncing rich getting rid trusts proposing a welfare state, and supporting labor unions.
82
Woodrow Wilson's Platform
progressive vision calling for the use of government power to break up monopolies, curb corporate power in politics, promote economic competition, and restore a vibrant economy where small businesses and workers could thrive.
83
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
84
Reasons for Imperialism
control, power, trade, money, cheap labor, help for other countries, access to natural resources, spread democracy, diversity, expansion
85
American involvement in Hawaii
The queen was overthrown and sugar industry leaders took over
86
Sphere of Influence
a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
87
USS Maine sinking
Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War. Spark to the Spanish American war.
88
U.S. gains in the Spanish-American War
Cuba, Puerto Rico, and bought the Phillipines
89
Problems building the Panama Canal
1. Disease 2. Excavation 3. Canal Design 4. Political Intrigue 5. Manpower 6. Financing 7. Logistics 8. Military Applications
90
Allied Powers members
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy
91
Central Powers members
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
92
1-4 of Wilson's 14 points
Open diplomacy - gossiping and fighting Freedom of the seas - can sink ships if I want to Removal of trade barriers - can trade to whatever I want Reduction of military arms - limiting amount of people to resist casualties
93
14th point of Wilson's 14 Points
league of nations
94
Sinking of the Lusitania
Cruise ship that was sunk by German submarines and helped bring the US closer to involvement in WWI
95
Paris Peace Conference
The peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles.
96
Roosevelt Corollary
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs
97
Event(s) Leading to U.S. involvement in WWI
the sinking of the Lusitania, unrestricted warfare, the Zimmerman Note, and the continuous sinking of merchant ships by German U-boats
98
Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
1) stripped Germany of all military 2) Germany had to repair war damages($33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
99
Ida Tarbell
Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power
100
Morrill Act
(1862) Federal law that gave land to western states to build agricultural and engineering colleges.
101
Wounded Knee Massacre
mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890
102
Transcontinental Railroad
Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
103
trust
a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition
104
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce
105
why was little bighorn significant?
marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War.
106
why was the ICC significant
trade along state lines

History Final (1 decks)

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