History Final Flashcards

1
Q

Conscription

A

A military draft

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2
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction

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3
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

(1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state.

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4
Q

black codes

A

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

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5
Q

Scalawags

A

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

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6
Q

Wade-Davis Bill

A

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy. Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

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7
Q

10% Plan

A

Lincoln’s 1863 program for a rapid Reconstruction of the South

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8
Q

John Brown

A

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory

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9
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)

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10
Q

Ulyesses S. Grant

A

phenomenal general that captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in the Civil War. He was a brave, tough, and decisive military leader graduated from West Point and failed at every day job, so he became an army commander because it was more “him”.

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11
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

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12
Q

Dred Scott

A

United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state

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13
Q

Ft. Sumter

A

Union fort attacked by Confederates in 1861 sparking the start of the Civil War

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14
Q

Freedman’s Bureau, 1865

A

Def: a new agency created by congress which helped misplace blacks and whites; provide food, shelter, land, and education. Sig: helped many blacks and increased blakc education drastically

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15
Q

Importance of Kansas Territory

A

It could have upset the delicate balance of slave and free states

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16
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

1861, 1st major battle, proved war was going to be long and costly

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17
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas over the issue of slavery

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18
Q

Capture of Atlanta

A

General Sherman and his troops set the city of Atlanta on fire, in order to destroy the confederate’s supply lines and then Marched to the Sea, Savannah, and burnt everything along the way

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19
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war

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20
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

battle in Maryland that ended Lee’s first invasion of the North

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21
Q

Apptomattox Courthouse

A

place that signifies start of peace because this is where the Civil War ended

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22
Q

Reconstruction Acts

A

set of laws that divided the South into five districts under military control

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23
Q

Battle of Chickamauga

A

Confederate victory; largest battle fought in Georgia; led to the battle of Chattanooga

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24
Q

KKK

A

Ku Klux Klan–Against Blacks, Jews, Catholics. Used terror to control them

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25
Q

15th Amendment (1870)

A

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

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26
Q

Sherman’s March to the Sea

A

Union general Sherman’s destructive march across Georgia

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27
Q

John Wilkes Booth

A

Assassinated Abraham Lincoln

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28
Q

George McCleallan

A

the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac

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29
Q

Andersonville

A

Confederate war camp in Georgia with terrible conditions for soldiers

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30
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction

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31
Q

Impeachment

A

A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office

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32
Q

Thaddeus Stevens

A

Leader of the Radical Republicans

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33
Q

Angel Island

A

The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York.

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34
Q

Social Gospel

A

Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform.

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35
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

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36
Q

social darwism

A

survival of the fittest

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37
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

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38
Q

Gentleman’s Agreement

A

1907 agreement between the United States and Japan that restricted Japanese immigration

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39
Q

Ellis Island

A

Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892

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40
Q

Vertical Integration

A

the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.

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41
Q

sweatshop

A

small factory where employees have to work long hours under poor conditions for little pay

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42
Q

John Rockefeller

A

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

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43
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

44
Q

W.E.B. DuBois

A

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910

45
Q

Andrew Carngie

A

Scottish born immigrant who came up with a way to produce cheap high grade steel for construction

46
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)

47
Q

Battle of Little Bighorn

A

1876 Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer

48
Q

Wright Brothers

A

First to achieve a sustained, controlled flight in a powered airplane

49
Q

Settlement Houses

A

institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people

50
Q

Americanzation

A

Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens

51
Q

Favorable Business Conditions

A

belief in capitalism, laisse-faire, and Social Darwinism

52
Q

Presidential Election of 1896

A

Republican William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic and complex

53
Q

Reasons for Political Machines

A

crime, inadequate water supply, and poor sanitation

54
Q

Plains Indians life revolved around what

A

buffalo

55
Q

Lynching

A

putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law

56
Q

Immigrants from 1880-1910

A

came from southern and eastern Europe

57
Q

Pendleton Service Act

A

1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

58
Q

Farmers challenges out West

A

Harsh climate, scarce water, and lumber shortage

59
Q

Pacific Railroad Act

A

helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and government bonds

60
Q

Political Machines ways to keep Power

A

Engaged in voter fraud
Practice graft
Used payoffs

61
Q

Crédit Mobilier scandal

A

A construction company was formed by owners of the Union Pacific Railroad for the purpose of receiving government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices—and profits. In 1872 a scandal erupted when journalists discovered that the Crédit Mobilier Company had bribed congressmen and even the Vice President in order to allow the ruse to continue.

62
Q

ICC

A

Interstate Commerce Commission, a federal regulatory agency that governed over the rules and regulations of the railroading industry.

63
Q

Industries of Industrialization

A

steel, oil, railroads

64
Q

Debt peonage

A

a system in which workers are bound in servitude until their debts are paid

65
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

“separate but equal” doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws

66
Q

Homestead Strike

A

Strike at Andrew Carnegie’s steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers

67
Q

Progressivism

A

movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

68
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.

69
Q

Muckrakers

A

Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business

70
Q

Bully Pulpit

A

the ability to use the office of the presidency to promote a particular program and/or to influence Congress to accept legislative proposals

71
Q

Zimmerman Note

A

Message proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico

72
Q

Trench Warfare

A

a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.

73
Q

Isolationism

A

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

74
Q

Prohibition

A

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

75
Q

Franz Ferdinand

A

Archduke of Austria Hungary who was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand; his death was a main cause for World War I

76
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

28th President of the United States

77
Q

Kaiser William II

A

last German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling both the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

78
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906 - wrote The Jungle

79
Q

Election Reforms

A

change in electoral systems to improve how public desires are expressed in election results

80
Q

Woman’s Temperance Movement

A

promoted the prohibition of alcohol

81
Q

Teddy Roosevelt’s Reforms

A

natural resources
expanded national forest and parks
denouncing rich getting rid trusts proposing a welfare state, and supporting labor unions.

82
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s Platform

A

progressive vision calling for the use of government power to break up monopolies, curb corporate power in politics, promote economic competition, and restore a vibrant economy where small businesses and workers could thrive.

83
Q

19th Amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote

84
Q

Reasons for Imperialism

A

control, power, trade, money, cheap labor, help for other countries, access to natural resources, spread democracy, diversity, expansion

85
Q

American involvement in Hawaii

A

The queen was overthrown and sugar industry leaders took over

86
Q

Sphere of Influence

A

a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

87
Q

USS Maine sinking

A

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War. Spark to the Spanish American war.

88
Q

U.S. gains in the Spanish-American War

A

Cuba, Puerto Rico, and bought the Phillipines

89
Q

Problems building the Panama Canal

A
  1. Disease
  2. Excavation
  3. Canal Design
  4. Political Intrigue
  5. Manpower
  6. Financing
  7. Logistics
  8. Military Applications
90
Q

Allied Powers members

A

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy

91
Q

Central Powers members

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

92
Q

1-4 of Wilson’s 14 points

A

Open diplomacy - gossiping and fighting
Freedom of the seas - can sink ships if I want to
Removal of trade barriers - can trade to whatever I want
Reduction of military arms - limiting amount of people to resist casualties

93
Q

14th point of Wilson’s 14 Points

A

league of nations

94
Q

Sinking of the Lusitania

A

Cruise ship that was sunk by German submarines and helped bring the US closer to involvement in WWI

95
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

The peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and Treaty of Versailles.

96
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America’s right to intervene in Latin American affairs

97
Q

Event(s) Leading to U.S. involvement in WWI

A

the sinking of the Lusitania, unrestricted warfare, the Zimmerman Note, and the continuous sinking of merchant ships by German U-boats

98
Q

Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles

A

1) stripped Germany of all military
2) Germany had to repair war damages($33 billion)
3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI
4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.

99
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company’s abuse of power

100
Q

Morrill Act

A

(1862) Federal law that gave land to western states to build agricultural and engineering colleges.

101
Q

Wounded Knee Massacre

A

mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890

102
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

103
Q

trust

A

a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition

104
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

105
Q

why was little bighorn significant?

A

marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War.

106
Q

why was the ICC significant

A

trade along state lines