history exam Flashcards
republic
government where ruler is not king or queen but elected by the people
Pax Romana
era of peace and safety in the Roman Empire; roads built (50,000 miles worth)
Virgil
great Roman writer who wrote the “Aeneid”
patricians
wealthy landowners who made up Rome’s upper class
plebeians
Rome’s middle class; merchants
consuls
top government officials
Senate
most important law making body; group of 300 men who served for life
“Rule of Law”
laws should be applied to everyone equally and everyone should be treated equally
Punic Wars
Carthage wanted Sicily but Rome eventually after a lot of fighting overpowered them
Cicero
Rome’s greatest public speaker
Caligula
crazy emperor who appointed his horse as consul
Nero
“fiddled while Rome burned”
Colosseum
Rome’s most famous building; amphitheater
Cincinnatus
farmer who was found in a field and offered emperor; fights and was victorious; stepped down after a couple of days
Octavian
later known as Augustus; one of Rome’s greatest emperor
Latifundia
large farming estates
aqueducts
human-made channels for carrying water
dictator
someone with complete control who only rules in crisis
Hannibal
general in Carthage’s army who started 2nd Punic War
legend of how Rome was found?
there were two brothers names Romulus and Remus. they were found by a wolf and raised by a sheep herder. they started to build a city and Romulus built a wall. Remus made fun of his wall so Romulus killed him, finished the wall and the city, then names it after himself.
forum
marketplace; public square
Pantheon
temple built to worship the Roman gods and goddesses
paterfamilias
father of the family and head of the household
Spartacus
gladiator who led revolt with slaves and was victorious at first but eventually failed
inflation
money loses value
Constantine
made capital Constantinople and made Christianity legal
FALL OF ROME
476 AD
Justinian
Byzantine emperor who gave women rights; appointed Belisarius as general to make Rome more naturally beautiful
Theodora
Justinian’s wife who influenced his ruling a lot
Belisarius
Justinian’s appointed general to make Rome naturally beautiful again
mosaics
artwork made of tile, stone, or glass
martyr
willing to die than give up beliefs
excommunication
kicked out of church forever
schism
separation
persecute
to mistreat someone for any difference
icons
Christian religious image or picture
catacombs
early Christian underground burial sites
Edict of Milan
law passed that gave religious freedom to all people
what did icons do?
created the dispute between Byzantine and Greek Orthodox churches
pope
bishop who becomes more powerful until complete leader of RCC
Augustine
influential writings; one if the most important church fathers in the West
Basil
bishop who made a list of rules for monks and nuns to follow; list became known as Basilian Rule and was the model of Greek Orthodox religious life
Benedict
wrote different set of rules called Benedictine Rule.
Patrick
brought Christianity to Ireland
Schism between RCC and Greek Orthodox Churches
how church was to be run
Pope claimed head of all Christian churches but Byzantines believed patriarch of Constantinople and other bishops were equal
pope and patriarch will excommunicate each other and begin another schism
