Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall 2014 > History Exam 2 > Flashcards

History Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Republicans

A
  • Protestants of Anglo-Saxon descent
  • pietistic or strict moralists
  • evangelical and reformist
  • imposed their values on all Americans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Populist party consisted of

A
  • small, farm owners
  • small town merchants
  • knights of labor
  • miners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

16 amendment

A
  • first permanent federal income tax
  • graduated income tax to relieve the tax burden on farmers and low income groups
  • declared unconstitutional before, but okay now
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did the populists want?

A
  • currency expansion: gold and silver
  • direct election of senators: 17th amendment; initiatives, referendums, recalls
  • immigration restriction
  • national railroad and telegraph system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coinage Act of 1873

A

-demonetized silver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bland-Allison Act of 1878

A
  • restored silver as a currency metal

- government to purchase $2-4 million of silver a month, increasing money supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gold Reserve Act of 1934

A

-prohibited redemption of dollars into gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

17th Amendment

A

-direct election of senators by the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Weakness of the Populist approach to politics

A
  • too radical
  • mixed religion and politics
  • merged with Democrats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Differences between Populists and Democrats

A

-Differed in immigration issues
-Democrats strengthen cities, but aligned with the rural, agricultural America
-no consistency in platform
Democrats’ downfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

William McKinley

A
  • campaigned from his front porch
  • stood for high tariffs to protect American business, gold standard, and tight money policy
  • strongly backed by oil, coal, iron, and newspaper companies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The great political reversal of 1896

A
  • Democrats were deeply divided between agrarian and eastern business; abandoned urban
  • Republicans aligned with rising urban and industrial America; won labor votes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Expansionists believed

A

-US had to spread democracy otherwise the democratic spirit would weaken and die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

José Marti

A

-Cuban poet and anti-Spanish revolutionary hero and martyr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Americans’ sympathy for Cubans

A
  • saw struggle for independence
  • widespread feelings of jingoism (nationalism) to take on war with Spain
  • $50 million in business investments in Cuba
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

New York Journal and New York World

A
  • played prominent roles in reporting events leading up to the war and the war itself
  • William Randolph Hearst owned NY Journal
  • Joseph Pulitzer owned NY World
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Yellow Press

A
  • named after the Yellow Kid comic strip
  • from Pulitzer’s NY World
  • Olivette and Cisnero incidents that inflamed american opinion about events in Cuba
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Olivette incident

A
  • American steamship carrying a Cuban woman supposedly carrying messages from the rebels to US sympathizers
  • improperly stripsearched by Spanish authorities
  • The story was false
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Enrique Depuy de Lome

A
  • Spanish ambassador to Washington

- called McKinley weak and indecisive in a letter intercepted by Hearst, publishing in his NY Journal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What leads to Spanish-American War?

A
  • sinking of the battleship Main in Havana Harbor
  • was there to protect American life and property due to Havana rioting
  • US blamed Spain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Army Volunteer Act of 1989

A
  • most soldiers fought in Cuba as volunteers

- Roosevelt called for all-volunteer Rough Riders who met in SA, TX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Battles of the Spanish-American War

A
  • First battle: Dewey defeats Spanish fleet at Manila, Philippines at sea
  • Second: San Juan Hill in East Cuba; Rough Riders defeat Spaniards
  • Third: US navy destroys Spanish fleet at the Battle of Santiago
  • Spanish surrendered: Treaty of Paris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What killed most of the troops?

A

-disease, especially typhoid fever, yellow fever, and malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ronald Ross

A
  • English physician
  • showed that mosquitoes carried malaria
  • Nobel Prize in medicine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Walter Reed

A
  • American army pathologist and bacteriologist
  • demonstrated that mosquitoes carried yellow fever virus
  • elimination of mosquito breeding grounds such as ponds and swamps by draining them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T/F: US gained Guam without a single fire

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Teller Amendment

A

-stated that the US would exercise no control, jurisdiction, or sovereignty over Cuba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Platt Amendment

A
  • effectively made Cuba a US territory
  • US could lease land to establish naval and coaling stations
  • intervene in Cuban affairs to maintain Cuban independence
  • Cuba could not enter into treaties with nations that would impair its independence
  • voided Teller Amendment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A
  • ordered foreign nations not to interfere in Latin America

- scare due to Alexander I, Russian tsar, claiming the entire Pacific coast down to Vancouver Island for Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Roosevelt Collary

A
  • transformed the Monroe Doctrine from a passive American policy to an activist policy
  • Roosevelt pledged US invervention, should a European nation intered in Latin American affiars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Panama Canal

A
  • French failed to complete
  • US offered to finish from Columbia, but rejected
  • Panamanian revolution broke out, in which US supported Panama
  • Panama won their independence and took US’s offer to finish the canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

China’s Open Door policy

A

-John Hay called on the European powers to recognize each other’s trading rights in China and to impose no discriminatory tax or ditues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What President signed the treaty giving Panama control of the Canal?

A

President Carter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Did Europe agree to the concept of the Open Door policy?

A

-no, it led to the Boxer Rebellion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A
  • Chinese attacked Western embassies and held the diplomats hostage
  • called boxers because the warriors practiced martial arts
  • actually called “righteous harmonious fists”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Progressives

A
  • new Federalists
  • believed in strong central government led by those of ability
  • nationlists and restorationists
  • reformers from both political parties, native-born, middle class, white establishment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Progressives platform

A
  • proposed the hiring of a city manager
  • supported initiatives, referendum, recall
  • wanted banking reform: graduated income tax (16th Amendment)
  • immigration restriction
  • direct election of senators (17th Amendment)
  • favored prohibition: (18th Amendment)
  • supported regulation of corporations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Eighteenth Amendment

A

-prohibition of sale and consumption of alcoholic drinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Muckrakers

A
  • group of investigative reporters who wrote moralistic factual exposés of corruption in business and policts
  • primary source of Progresives’ reform agenda
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What two contributed to muckraker’s success?

A
  • advances in printing
  • William Bullock: high-speed web-fed rotary press; print in rolls not sheets
  • Ottmar Mergenthaler: patented linotype
  • Frederic Ives (African-American at Cornell): invented the crossline halftone screen
  • produced magazines: McClure’s and Munsey’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Upton Sinclair

A
  • wrote the Jungle

- provided an exposé on the filthiness of the meat packing industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the 3 progressive levels of reform?

A
  • city: mayors
  • state: governors
  • national levels: presidents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Progressive mayors

A
  • supported minimum wages and workers’ unions
  • wanted professional city managers to run cities
  • challenged the corrupt boss system
  • tackled the main problems of their day
  • eg. water, inspections, ridding corruption, free schools, wages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Progressive governors

A

-same as mayors but on a state-wide level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Robert LaFollette

A
  • Republican governor of Wisconsin
  • established state commission with experts not party hacks
  • Wisconsin Idea, or service to the state, became a model for the country
46
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • Democrat governor of NJ
  • president of Princeton University
  • later became president of the US
  • under him, NJ was the first state to provide working men’s compensation
47
Q

Roosevelt’s rise to president

A
  • served as McKinley’s VP until his assassination at the Pan American Exposition by Czolgosz
  • easily won election afterwards
  • served as an activist president
48
Q

Roosevelt’s Square Deal

A
  • denounced the idea of predatory wealth
  • 3 Cs: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection
  • led to several acts
49
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act

A
  • problem of food additives had risen because of the changing lifestyles of Americans
  • needed to preserve foods from rotting
50
Q

Harrison Narcotic Act

A
  • outlawed cocaine after doctors realized its addictiveness

- cocaine was widespread because of Freud

51
Q

Meat Packing Act

A
  • brought upon by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

- called attention to the problems of the meat packing industry

52
Q

Conservation program

A
  • preserved wildlife

- established national parks

53
Q

Taft

A
  • handpicked by Roosevelt
  • served as his secretary of war
  • disappointed Roosevelt by failing to continue his progressive program and to strengthen the federal government
54
Q

Were the Progressives effect in dealing with the women’s movement?

A

-no

55
Q

Taft’s administration

A
  • not progressive
  • Supreme Court blocked Progressive legislation, particularly any directed against big business or in support of labor
  • Supreme Court leaned for laissez-faire and Social Darwinism
56
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • only academic ever elected
  • idealist, distant and formal in his relations with the public
  • the New Freedom, led by lawyer Louis Brandeis (later serves Supreme Court)
  • activist president who accepted the existence of big business but not the trusts
57
Q

Underwood Tariff Act

A
  • lowered tariffs 10% across the board and exempted steel, iron, wool, and sugar
  • established 16 Amendment, federal income tax, to replace lost revenue
58
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A
  • established 12 Federal Reserve districts with banks
  • served as bankers’ banks, providing funds to banks
  • sold Federal Reserve notes, bills, and bonds to the public
59
Q

Clayton Antitrust Act

A
  • correct the weakness of the 1890 Sherman Act

- prohibited interlocking directorates and tying agreements by corporations

60
Q

Why did Progressivism end by 1920?

A
  • failed to deal with the pluralism of American society
  • failed to measure up to its own ideals
  • leaders occupied themselves with issues that did not advance Progressivism
  • too much involvement in foreign affairs such as WWI
61
Q

Prior to WWI

A
  • French-German crises in Morocco over resources
  • nations fighting for independence from Ottoman (Turkish) empire
  • anti-Austrian terrorist attacks in Bosnia led by Serbians
62
Q

Outbreak of WWI

A
  • assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire
  • Gavrilo Princip was the assassin, a young Serb
  • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, after presenting 10 demands (despite Serbia accepting)
63
Q

Allies

A
  • Britain, France, Russia, Serbia
  • soon after joined by Japan
  • later joined by Italy, Romania, and US
64
Q

Central Powers

A

-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey

65
Q

When did WWI start?

A

-August 1, 1914, when Germany declared war on Russia

66
Q

Russia’s reason to enter the war

A

-They were the protectors of the Serbs

67
Q

Japan’s reason to enter the war

A

-They saw an opportunity to seize German-leased territotires in China and Pacific Islands

68
Q

Turkey’s reason to enter the war

A
  • pressure from Germany to sign the Turkish-German Alliance
  • had friction with members of the Allies
  • early victories by the Germans seemed to indicate that Turkey made the right decision
69
Q

Schieffen Plan

A
  • Germany’s plan to win the war quickly

- underestimated

70
Q

Three stages of the war

A
  1. Transition from a war of movement to a war of attrition and trench warfare
  2. Start of large-scale production of poison gas and synthetic ammonia
  3. Entrance of the US and the withdrawal of Russia
71
Q

Battle of Marne

A
  • German advanced into France but retreated

- invalidated the Schlieffen Plan

72
Q

Battle of Tannenburg

A
  • east Prussia
  • Russians suffered terrible loss
  • Tsar Nicholas II abdicates from thrown
73
Q

Bolsheviks

A
  • communists seized power with Lenin as their leader
  • withdrew from war
  • murdered tsar and his family (except Anastasia)
74
Q

Brest-Litovsky Treat

A
  • Russia’s treaty with Germany, losing land, people, industry, and resources
  • loss of Poland, Ukraine, and Baltic provinces
75
Q

Big Bertha

A
  • German gun weighing 150 tons and stood as tall as a 10 story building
  • single shell weighed 250 pounds
  • 7.5 mile range
  • such weapons turned the war from one of movement to one of seige
76
Q

Chaim Weizmann

A
  • Russian-born Jew
  • discovered a method of synthesizing acetone by using bacteria
  • acetone was used to manufacture smokeless cordite, the replacement for gunpowder
77
Q

Fritz Haber

A
  • Haber Process: synthesized the ammonia
  • lead to production of poison gas
  • used for fertilizers as well
  • allowed Germany to continue war as long as it did
  • awarded controversial Nobel Prize in chemistry
78
Q

Technological developments

A
  • submarines
  • tanks
  • aerial warfare
  • gas warfare
79
Q

US’s reason to enter war

A
  • wanted balance of power in Europe, undermining Kaiser Wilhelm II, German ruler and grandson to Queen Victoria of England
  • German submarines sank Lusitania, a British liner killing Americans and other merchant ships
  • by the time US came in, European nations had already suffered
80
Q

Zimmerman telegraphs

A

-proposed a German-Mexican alliance to distract US from entering the war

81
Q

Sergeant Alvin York

A

-Tennessee hillbilly and Christian fundamentalist, used to shoot turkeys

82
Q

Cher Ami

A
  • carrier pigeon shot twice while delivering a message from Major Charles Whittlesey
  • American battalion trapped behind enemy lines
83
Q

Willson’s Fourteen Points

A
  • open covenants openly arrived at
  • abolition of trade barriers
  • guarantees integrity and freedom of nations
  • freedom to navigate seas
  • reduction of national arms to the lowest point
84
Q

League of nations

A
  • US did not join because they saw their role as an isolationist nation
  • headquarters in Geneva
  • consists of four permanent members: Britain, France, Italy, and Japan
85
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A
  • officially ended the war
  • US did not sign it
  • Germany had to surrender all of its colonies in Africa and the Pacific
  • Germany must be demilitarized for 15 years
  • ban union of Germany and Austria
  • confiscate patents on Haber process
86
Q

Effects of the war on business

A
  • war strengthened the alliance between government and big business
  • government would support but not control business
87
Q

Effects of the war on labor

A
  • not much happened
  • workers’ unions still had no legal bargaining rights
  • wages increased but no gain from inflation
88
Q

Effects of the war on farmers

A
  • achieved parity in prices for their products

- products had the same purchasing power before and after the war

89
Q

Espionage Act of 1917

A

-punishment for causing mutiny, insubordination, and disloyalty in the armed forces by making false statements or false reports

90
Q

Sedition Act of 1918

A
  • punishment for writing or saying anything profane, disloyal, or abusive about the government or the armed forces
  • Eugene Debs imprisoned for telling a Socialist audience that the master class causes wars while the subject class fights them
  • repealed in 1921
91
Q

1920s Economy

A

-government played a laissez-faire role, assisting business

92
Q

1920s Politics

A
  • national politics dealt with economy

- local politics dealt with social, cultural, ethnic, and moral values

93
Q

1920s Culture

A
  • shift from idealism to disillusionment to materialism

- the individual’s place in society remained an undecided issue

94
Q

Ford Motor Company

A
  • set up assembly line, decreasing production time
  • decreased price of cars
  • increased wages
  • increased total sales
95
Q

State of economy

A
  • appeared healthy until stock market crashed in 1929

- emergence of credit

96
Q

Social unrest

A
  • if you were a worker in a labor union, you were automatically seen as a communist
  • Red scare
  • religious fanatics
97
Q

Billy Sunday

A
  • former baseball player turned preacher
  • preached nonsense but charged people to be saved
  • gave fiery speeches on the evils of sex and the blessings of patriotism
98
Q

Red Scare

A
  • prediction of a huge communist upheaval that did not occur
  • FBI carried out extensive raids on communists
  • decreased the number of communists
99
Q

President Warren Harding

A
  • rated the worst president
  • had great appeal though
  • platform was to “return to normalcy”
  • nothing happened because nobody listened
  • no regulation of businesses
  • tax cuts for wealthy
  • his passive policies was his downfall
100
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti execution

A
  • Italian immigrants
  • executed for their political beliefs rather than the crime
  • victims of the time rather than committers of the crime
  • Judge Webster Thayer was a bigot, against immigration
101
Q

KKK

A

-claimed to be truly American
-white American southern Protestants
racial purity is America’s security
-not a lot of members, but lots of sympathizers

102
Q

David Stephenson

A
  • Indian’s Grand Dragon
  • committed of a sex-murder scandal against Madge Oberholtzer
  • Oberholtzer committed suicide with mercury (II) chloride tablets
  • broke his own law of the Klan to not commit crimes against whites
103
Q

Attorney-General Harry Daugherty

A

-resigned after acquitted for selling immunity from federal prosecution to prohibition violators

104
Q

Colonel Charles Forbes

A
  • scandal in the Veteran’s Bureau for embezzlement, fraud, and accepting $250 million in bribes
  • fled to Europe and returned after 2 years, serving 2 years in prison and $10,000 fine
105
Q

Teapot Dome/Elk Hilss

A

-Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall secretly leased federal oil reserves to private oil companies

106
Q

President Calvin Coolidge

A
  • silent cow: never spoke
  • if he never said anything, he would never be called on
  • slept 12 hours a day
  • didn’t have much foreign policy becuase there were no wars
  • continues Harding’s domestic policies
  • promised to only run one term
  • stock market crahsed after he decided not to run anymore: hands were wiped clean
107
Q

Election of 1928

A
  • Hoover won because Al Smith was Catholic
  • large number of Democrats voted Republican because of Smith’s religion and his opposition to prohibition and the KKK
  • major switch in political party demographic
108
Q

Occupation

A

-specialization and strive toward white collared jobs

109
Q

Prohibition

A
  • 18th Amendment making prohibition the law
  • manufacturing and sale of alcoholic beverages are illegal
  • added another black market to Al Capone’s business
110
Q

Scopes Trial

A

-John Thomas Scopes taught evolution in high school in violation of the Butler Act of 1925

111
Q

Two dangers or threatening influence of the 20s

A
  • loss of individualism, especially from war and assembly lines
  • passion for wealth and materialism
  • those who overcame the dangers were stars or heroes

Fall 2014 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions