history exam 2 Flashcards
Document 10 vs document 11
Document 10:
Rodulfus Glaber
A French Monk’s Account of the Destruction of the Holy Sepulcher:
700 AD
Influenced by the western christian perspective
The rumors of events in Jerusalem sparked cries for vengeance against Christ’s enemies.
Lots of prejudice (destruction at the command of the prince of Babylon (Egypt), anti-semitism.
More religious
Summary:
Robert was hired by Jews as a pilgrim (actually a fugitive serf) to take a message to the prince of Babylon saying that he needed to destroy the revered house of the christians or they would take over.
Worked, they destroyed it, but couldn’t break apart the tomb of the holy sepulcher.
Christians drove out Jews, hated them. They called this JUST!?
First documented example of Jewish pogrom in medieval europe
document 11 vs 10 though
Document 11:
Al-Maqrizi
A Muslim Historian’s Account of the Destruction of the Holy Sepulcher
:
14th century
Written from a muslim perspective
Connects the destruction to the fraudulent activities of the churches christian guardians.
Qumama means dung, sounds like arabic resurrection - unflattering pun for the church of resurrection, prejudice against christians.
More political
Summary:
Christians greatly revere the church, making pilgrimages from all over. Kings visit.
On Easter, christians set up crosses and hang candlesticks, attempting to have fire transferred to it with elder oil and mercury.
Produces a bright light that is unearthly.
Al-Hakim rejects this, directs Bishr ibn Surin, clerk of chancery to write Ahmad b. Ya’qub, the da’i to destroy it.
al-Hakim wanted to destroy more but Ya’qub didn’t, fearing retaliation.
39 and 40two accounts of the battle between the crusaders and Kerbogah; pp. 122-127)
Document 39:
Raymond of Aguilers
The Battle with Kerbogah
-
Around 1100 AD
Western Christian Chronicler.
First Hand source
Fought in battle.
Reflects the christian perspective Highlights religious aspects, like finding the holy lance.
5 regiments of saints/ angels
Provides a detailed narrative
-
Summary:
All before the day of the battle, the christians had been sad, but now they were enthusiastic about the battle.
The duke couldn’t believe that the franks were marching to war.
They are stubborn. They won’t give up even a foot of ground.
Raymond of Aguilers was carrying the holy lance, he said it was protecting them.
The lord sent rain, good for the men and horses
God multiplied the army.
The enemy fled before they could fully form to fight
Some turks surrender
Document 40
Document 40:
Ibn Al-Athir
An Arab Historian’s Explanation for Kerbogah’s Loss
-
Early thirteenth century
Arab historian.
Secondary source
Reflects the islamic perspective
Delves into reasons for loss at Antioch
Focuses on political and military aspects, not religious.
-
Summary:
Qiyam al Dawla Karbugha heard of their conquest, and marched to Syria and besieged them at Antioch
Karbugha behaved badly towards the muslims with him.
The emirs secretly planned to betray him if there was a battle.
The franks were left inside Antioch with nothing to eat. They ate their horses, carrion and leaves.
They tried to reach a truce with Karbugha, but he denied them.
There was a monk who said there was a lance buried, if you find it you will win.
He had previously put it there.
On day 5 they came out in groups of four and five.
Once in a line, the muslims ran partially because of how karbugha had treated them and partially because he didn’t let them kill the franks when they first came out.
Documents 15, 16, 17 (3 interpretations for reason of crusade and rewards for crusaders; pp. 62-68)
15:
Document 15:
Bishop Lambert of Arras
Urban II’s Crusading Indulgence
1095 AD
-
Really short
The only sure sentence about the crusade to survive from clermont.
Notable for brevity and the qualifications it places on the promise of indulgence.
Motive is to liberate the church
Must set out for devotion alone and not to obtain honor or money to be able to substitute the journey for all penance.
document 16
Document 16:
Robert the Monk
Urban II’s Sermon at Clermont: The Version of Robert the Monk
-
Around 1107 AD
Long
Robert attended the council of clermont (firsthand account)
He gives his own interpretation of the crusade and especially the enemies whom the franks would face.
New journey to the promised land
Sign of the cross
Charlemagne is a model.
Lots of vivid death, gore, and violence.
“Who shall avenge these martyrs!”
God wills it, God wills it!
Uses bible verses out of context
Take the path and retake the land from these wicked people.
Portrays Jerusalem as a great place.
Fulfillment of prophecy
17
Document 17:
Guibert of Nogent
Urban II’s Sermon at Clermont: An Excerpt from Guibert of Nogent’s Version
-
Around 1107 AD
In between length
Apocalyptic
Also liberate Jerusalem
He didn’t attend the council, secondary source.
He uses much more theological diction.
It is more elevated (deliberately)
Antichrist is arising to make war against the christians.
We need to go to Jerusalem for this to happen.
For such a time as this we are called.
Just think what God has prepared for you!
Fulfillment of prophecy
